The electron, its isolation and measurement and the determination of some of its propertiesMillikan, Robert Andrews
Philosophy
The electron, its isolation and measurement and the determination of some of its properties
Millikan, Robert Andrews
Electrons
Table XIII contains one series of observations of this sort taken with
my apparatus by Mr. P. I. Pierson. The first column gives the volts
applied to the plates of the condenser shown in Fig. 7, p. 111. These
were made variable so that the drop might always be pulled up with a
slow speed even though its positive charge were continually increasing.
The second and third columns give the times required to move 1 cm.
under gravity and under the field respectively. The fourth column
gives the time intervals required for the drop to experience a change
in charge under the influence of a constant source of ultra-violet
light—a quartz mercury lamp. The fifth column gives the total charge
carried by the drop computed from equation (12), p. 91. The sixth
column shows the change in charge computed from equation (10), p. 70.
This is seen to be as nearly a constant as could be expected in view
of Brownian movements and the inexact measurements of volts and times.
The mean value of is seen to be , which
yields with the aid of equation (16), p. 101, after the value of
found for oil drops has been inserted, ,
which is in better agreement with the result obtained with oil drops
than we had any right to expect. In these experiments the light was
weak so that the changes come only after an average interval of 29
seconds and it will be seen that they are all unit changes.
Table XIII
MERCURY DROPLET OF RADIUS DISCHARGING
ELECTRONS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT
Volts
Drop No. 1
Sec. per Cm.
Sec. per Cm.
Time Interval
between Discharges
in Seconds
Charge in
No. Electrons
Emitted
2.260
11.0
- 1200}
{49.4}
3.070
11.0
+ 32.8}
{50.5}
11
4.4
1
1.960
+ 194
54.4
12.8
1.960
+ 190
60.8
6.4
1
23
1.820
11.2
+ 220
65.0
4.2
1
40.0
1.690
+ 230
69.8
4.8
1
15.2
1.550
+ 332
75.1
5.3
1
3.040
Drop No. 2
10.4
+ 98
43.5
5.6
2.540
+ 200
49.4
5.9
1
18.6
2.230
+ 300
55.2
5.8
1
35.0
2.230
+ 76
60.7
5.5
1
42.0
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