_Cassideous_, helmet-shaped. _Cassus_, empty and sterile. _Catenate_, or _Catenulate_, end to end as in a chain. _Catkin_, see Ament, 75. _Caudate_, tailed, or tail-pointed. _Caudex_, a sort of trunk, such as that of Palms; an upright rootstock, 39, 44. _Caudicle_, the stalk of a pollen-mass, &c. _Caulescent_, having an obvious stem, 36. _Caulicle_, a little stem, or rudimentary stem (of a seedling), 11, 127. _Cauline_, of or belonging to a stem, 36. _Caulis_, Latin name of stem. _Caulocarpic_, equivalent to perennial. _Caulome_, the cauline parts of a plant. _Cell_ (diminutive, _Cellule_), the cavity of an anther, ovary, &c.; one of the anatomical elements, 131. _Cellular Cryptogams_, 162. _Cellular tissue_, 131. _Cellulose_, 131. _Cell-walls_, 130. _Centrifugal_ (inflorescence), produced or expanding in succession from the centre outwards, 77. _Centripetal_, the opposite of centrifugal, 74. _Cephala_, Greek for head. In compounds, _Monocephalous_, with one head, _Microcephalous_, small-headed, &c. _Cereal_, belonging to corn, or corn-plants. _Cernuous_, nodding; the summit more or less inclining. _Chæta_, Greek for bristle. _Chaff_, small membranous scales or bracts on the receptacle of Compositæ; the glumes, &c., of grasses. _Chaffy_, furnished with chaff, or of the texture of chaff. _Chalaza_, that part of the ovule where all the parts grow together, 110, 126. _Channelled_, hollowed out like a gutter; same as _canaliculate_. _Character_, a phrase expressing the essential marks of a species, genus, &c., 181. _Chartaceous_, of the texture of paper or parchment. _Chloros_, Greek for green, whence _Chloranthous_, green-flowered; _Chlorocarpous_, green-fruited, &c. _Chlorophyll_, leaf green, 136. _Chlorosis_, a condition in which naturally colored parts turn green. _Choripetalous_, same as polypetalous. _Chorisis_, separation of the normally united parts, or where two or more parts take the place of one. _Chromule_, coloring matter in plants, especially when not green, or when liquid. _Chrysos_, Greek for golden yellow, whence _Chrysanthous_, yellow-flowered, &c. _Cicatrix_, the scar left by the fall of a leaf or other organ. _Ciliate_, beset on the margin with a fringe of _cilia_, i. e. of hairs or bristles, like the eyelashes fringing the eyelids, whence the name. _Cinereous_, or _Cineraceous_, ash-grayish; of the color of ashes. _Circinate_, rolled inwards from the top, 72. _Circumscissile_, or _Circumcissile_, divided by a circular line round the sides, as the pods of Purslane, Plantain, &c., 124. _Circumscription_, general outline. _Cirrhiferous_, or _Cirrhose_, furnished with a tendril (Latin, _Cirrhus_); as the Grape-vine. _Cirrhose_ also means resembling or coiling like tendrils, as the leaf-stalks of Virgin's-bower. More properly _Cirrus_ and _Cirrose_. _Citreous_, lemon-yellow. _Clados_, Greek for branch. _Cladophylla_, 64. _Class_, 178, 183. _Classification_, 175, 183.