_Essential Organs_ of the flower, 80. _Estivation_, see _æstivation_. _Etiolated_, blanched by excluding the light, as the stalks of Celery. _Eu_, Greek prefix, meaning very, or much. _Evergreen_, holding the leaves over winter and until new ones appear, or longer. _Ex_, Latin prefix; privative in place of "e" when next letter is a vowel. So _Exalate_, wingless; _Exalbuminous_ (seed), without albumen, 21. _Excurrent_, running out, as when a midrib projects beyond the apex of a leaf, or a trunk is continued to the very top of a tree, 32. _Exiguous_, puny. _Exilis_, lank or meagre. _Eximius_, distinguished for size or beauty. _Exo-_, in Greek compounds, outward, as in _Exocarp_, outer layer of a pericarp, 120. _Exogenous_, outward growing. _Exogenous stems_, 139. _Exorhizal_, radicle in germination not sheathed. _Exostome_, the orifice in the outer coat of the ovule. _Explanate_, spread or flattened out. _Exserted_, protruding out of, as the stamens out of the corolla. _Exstipulate_, destitute of stipules. _Extine_, outer coat of a pollen-grain. _Extra-axillary_, said of a branch or bud somewhat out of the axil, 31. _Extrorse_, turned outwards; the anther is extrorse when fastened to the filament on the side next the pistil, and opening on the outer side, 101. _Falcate_, scythe-shaped; a flat body curved, its edges parallel. _False Racemes_, 78. _Family_, in botany same as Order, 177. _Farina_, meal or starchy matter, 136. _Farinaceous_, mealy in texture. _Farinose_, covered with a mealy powder. _Fasciate_, banded; also applied to monstrous stems which grow flat. _Fascicle_, a close cluster, 77. _Fascicled_, _Fasciculated_, growing in a bundle or tuft, as the leaves of Larch, 68, and roots of Peony, 35. _Fastigiate_, close, parallel, and upright, as the branches of Lombardy Poplar. _Faux_ (plural, _fauces_), the throat of a calyx, corolla, &c., 89. _Faveolate_, _Favose_, honeycombed; same as _alveolate_. _Feather-veined_, with veins of a leaf all springing from the sides of a midrib, 51. _Fecula_ or _Fæcula_, starch, 136. _Female flower_ or _plant_, one bearing pistils only. _Fenestrate_, pierced with one or more large holes, like windows. _Ferrugineous_, or _Ferruginous_, resembling iron-rust; red-grayish. _Fertile_, fruit-bearing, or capable of it; also said of anthers producing good pollen. _Fertilization_, the process by which pollen causes the embryo to be formed, 114. _Fibre_ (woody), 133. _Fibrous_, containing much fibre, or composed of fibres. _Fibrillose_, formed of small fibres, or _Fibrillæ_. _Fibro-vascular_ bundle or tissue, formed of fibres and vessels. _Fiddle-shaped_, obovate with a deep recess on each side. _Fidus_, Latin suffix for cleft, as _Bifid_, two-cleft. _Filament_, the stalk of a stamen, 14, 80, 101; also any slender thread-shaped body. _Filamentose_, or _Filamentous_, bearing or formed of slender threads. _Filiform_, thread-shaped; long, slender, and cylindrical.