_Frustulose_, consisting of a chain of similar pieces, or _Frustules_. _Frutescent_, somewhat shrubby; becoming a shrub (_Frutex_), 39. _Fruticulose_, like a small shrub, or _Fruticulus_. _Fruticose_, shrubby, 39. _Fugacious_, soon falling off or perishing. _Fulcrate_, having accessory organs or _fulcra_, i. e. props. _Fulvous_, tawny; dull yellow with gray. _Fungus_, _Fungi_, 172. _Funicle_, _Funiculus_, the stalk of a seed or ovule, 110. _Funnelform_, or _funnel-shaped_, expanding gradually upwards into an open mouth, like a funnel or tunnel, 90. _Furcate_, forked. _Furfuraceous_, covered with bran-like fine scurf. _Furrowed_, marked by longitudinal channels or grooves. _Fuscous_, deep gray-brown. _Fusiform_, spindle-shaped, 36. _Galbalus_, the fleshy or at length woody cone of Juniper and Cypress. _Galea_, a helmet-shaped body, as the upper sepal of the Monkshood, 87. _Galeate_, shaped like a helmet. _Gamopetalous_, of united petals, 89. _Gamophyllous_, formed of united leaves. _Gamosepalous_, formed of united sepals, 89. _Geminate_, twin; in pairs. _Gemma_, Latin for a bud. _Gemmation_, the state of budding; budding growth. _Gemmule_, a small bud; the plumule, 13. _Genera_, plural of genus. _Geniculate_, bent abruptly, like a knee (_genu_), as many stems. _Generic Names_, 179. _Genus_, a kind of a rank above species, 177. _Germ_, a growing point; a young bud; sometimes the same as embryo, 127. _Germen_, the old name for ovary. _Germination_, the development of a plantlet from the seed, 12. _Gerontogæous_, inhabiting the Old World. _Gibbous_, more tumid at one place or on one side than the other. _Gilvous_, dirty reddish-yellow. _Glabrate_, becoming glabrous with age, or almost glabrous. _Glabrous_, smooth, in the sense of having no hairs, bristles, or other pubescence. _Gladiate_, sword-shaped, as the leaves of Iris. _Glands_, small cellular organs which secrete oily or aromatic or other products; they are sometimes sunk in the leaves or rind, as in the Orange, Prickly Ash, &c.; sometimes on the surface as small projections; sometimes raised on hairs or bristles (_glandular hairs, &c._), as in the Sweetbrier and Sundew. The name is also given to any small swellings, &c., whether they secrete anything or not; so that the word is loosely used. _Glandular_, _Glandulose_, furnished with glands, or gland-like. _Glans_ (_Gland_), the acorn or mast of Oak and similar fruits. _Glareose_, growing in gravel. _Glaucescent_, slightly glaucous, or bluish-gray. _Glaucous_, covered with a _bloom_, viz. with a fine white powder of wax that rubs off, like that on a fresh plum, or a cabbage-leaf. _Globose_, spherical in form, or nearly so. _Globular_, nearly globose. _Glochidiate_, or _Glochideous_, (bristles) barbed; tipped with barbs, or with a double hooked point. _Glomerate_, closely aggregated into a dense cluster. _Glomerule_, a dense head-like cluster, 77.