[Illustration: Fig. 362. Enlarged and top-shaped receptacle of Nelumbium, at maturity.] 325. Flowers with very numerous simple pistils generally have the receptacle enlarged so as to give them room; sometimes becoming broad and flat, as in the Flowering Raspberry, sometimes elongated, as in the Blackberry, the Magnolia, etc. It is the receptacle in the Strawberry (Fig. 360), much enlarged and pulpy when ripe, which forms the eatable part of the fruit, and bears the small seed-like pistils on its surface. In the Rose (Fig. 361), instead of being convex or conical, the receptacle is deeply concave, or urn-shaped. Indeed, a Rose-hip may be likened to a strawberry turned inside out, like the finger of a glove reversed, and the whole covered by the adherent tube of the calyx. The calyx remains beneath in the strawberry. 326. In Nelumbium, of the Water-Lily family, the singular and greatly enlarged receptacle is shaped like a top, and bears the small pistils immersed in separate cavities of its flat upper surface (Fig. 362). [Illustration: Fig. 363. Hypogynous disk in Orange.] 327. =A Disk= is an enlarged low receptacle or an outgrowth from it, _hypogynous_ when underneath the pistil, as in Rue and the Orange (Fig. 363), and _perigynous_ when adnate to calyx-tube (as in Buckthorn, Fig. 364, 365), and Cherry (Fig. 271), or to both calyx-tube and ovary, as in Hawthorn (Fig. 273). A flattened hypogynous disk, underlying the ovary or ovaries, and from which they fall away at maturity, is sometimes called a GYNOBASE, as in the Rue family. In some Borragineous flowers, such as Houndstongue, the gynobase runs up in the centre between the carpels into a carpophore. The so-called _epigynous_ disk (or STYLOPODIUM) crowning the summit of the ovary in flowers of Umbelliferæ, etc., cannot be said to belong to the receptacle. [Illustration: Fig. 364. Flower of a Buckthorn showing a conspicuous perigynous disk.] [Illustration: Fig. 365. Vertical section of same flower.] Section XIII. FERTILIZATION. 328. The end of the flower is attained when the ovules become seeds. A flower remains for a certain time (longer or shorter according to the species) in _anthesis_, that is, in the proper state for the fulfilment of this end. During anthesis, the ovules have to be fertilized by the pollen; or at least some pollen has to reach the stigma, or in gymnospermy the ovule itself, and to set up the peculiar growth upon its moist and permeable tissue, which has for result the production of an embryo in the ovules. By this the ovules are said to be _fertilized_. The first step is _pollination_, or, so to say, the sowing of the proper pollen upon the stigma, where it is to germinate. § 1. ADAPTATIONS FOR POLLINATION OF THE STIGMA.