The enormous importance of natural feeding, and the extent of the difference between artificial and natural feeding, are manifested by the following examples: The statistics of child mortality invariably show that in those European countries in which most children are suckled by their mothers, child mortality is lowest. In Sweden and Norway, where even the wealthiest mothers suckle their own children, mortality during the first year of life hardly amounts to 10 per cent., whereas in other European countries the infantile death-rate is 12 per cent. to 15 per cent., or even more. It is erroneously believed that there is a law in Sweden making it obligatory upon mothers to suckle their children. No such law exists. During the siege of Paris, in the years 1870-71, the infant mortality in that city fell from 30 per cent. to 17 per cent. The reason for this fall was that the Parisian women were forced to suckle their own children, for, owing to the siege, cow’s milk was unattainable, and the usual supply of wet-nurses from the country was cut off. Natural feeding is not only better than artificial, but also cheaper. Of course, in considering the question of the cost of artificial feeding, the method employed has to be taken into account. For example, artificially-fed infants are often given much more milk than they really need. But artificial feeding is artificial, and whereas instinct prescribes the methods of natural feeding, it gives no guidance in the matter of artificial feeding. The changes occurring in the female breast in consequence of pregnancy and childbirth draw a woman’s attention to the fact that she has certain maternal duties to fulfil. The neglect of nature’s commands commonly entails disorders to health. It remains uncertain whether disease germs can be transmitted to the infant through its mother’s milk. It is still more questionable whether, in the act of suckling, vitally important maternal qualities can be transmitted from mother to child. There is some doubt whether the continuance of lactation is a fairly sure preventive of the occurrence of a fresh pregnancy. If this question can definitely be answered in the affirmative, there can be no doubt that for a mother to suckle her infant gives an increased chance of life not to that infant only, but to the other children in the family, because thereby these children are relieved of the dangers entailed by too large a family.