Infant’s Milk Depots, advice to mothers, and all the institutions and measures forming part of the campaign to lower infant mortality, must invariably have the general aim of promoting the public welfare, and must never assume the form of Poor-Relief, otherwise many who need their services will fail to avail themselves of these, for, as is well known, a great many people are frightened away from any institution connected with the system of Poor-Relief. It is sufficiently proved that those Infant’s Milk Depots in which the milk is given in accordance with individual medical prescriptions, which are subjected to medical supervision, which are associated with the giving of advice to mothers, which give milk free or at a low price only to those whose infants are kept under regular observation, promote breast-feeding by the mothers, and effect a notable diminution in infant mortality. _Other Methods of Artificial Feeding._--Nothing more need be said here of the other methods of artificial feeding--that is, of those in which no cow’s milk is used--beyond this, that they are in opposition to the essential principles of hygiene, and that they are of less than no value. Everyone who has the interest of society at heart should do all in his power to secure the complete discontinuance of such methods. _Institutional Care of Infants._--The institutional care of infants, if it is to be carried out in accordance with hygienic principles, is too costly. Hence it is applicable only in the case of weakly and sickly infants, and is out of the question for the permanent care of healthy infants. With regard to the institutional care of healthy infants, it is asserted that, even in the most modern and best-managed foundling hospitals and hospitals for infants, epidemic diseases--such as pneumonia, contagious ophthalmia, and intestinal catarrh--inevitably appear, and in such circumstances are extremely difficult to treat with success. It is, however, necessary to consider the following facts. Unquestionably, the institutional care of infants was formerly far from satisfactory. Certain diseases, the seeds of which have been sown in the institution, only develop in full severity after the child has been boarded out. This depends upon: (_a_) the primary lack of resisting power of the infants, which is the disastrous sequel of the unfavourable conditions of life to which they were exposed before entering the institution; (_b_) the lack of proper individualisation (for example, the continuous lying in bed, bad air, lack of sufficient cleanliness)--the so-called “hospitalism” or “hospital-marasmus” is referable to these influences; (_c_) a failure to meet the demands of hospital hygiene, so that the origination and the development of the infectious diseases are facilitated; (_d_) artificial feeding, by which the working of these evil influences is powerfully reinforced. But all these errors are avoidable. Nothing more is requisite for their