Calamites, 361, 367 Calcareous rocks, 9 Calciferous series, 327 Calcite, 290 Caldera, 239 California, 24, 99, 186, 152, 158, 169, 170, 197, 224, 256, 262, 287, 357, 360, 371, 400 Great Valley of, 101, 199, 372, 396 Cambrian period, 315 glaciation in, 358 life of, 319 Camels, 412 Canada, 28, 86, 67, 69, 90, 182, 198, 200, 218, 218, 267, 307, 309, 316, 336, 364, 367, 482, 487 Cape Breton Island, 198 Cape Cod, 162 Carbonated springs, 261 Carbonates, formation of, 12 Carboniferous period, 350 life of, 301 Carnivores, 418 Cascade Mountains, 00, 400 Cats, 418 Catskill Mountains, 342 Caucasus Mountains, 399 Caverns, 46, 241 Cenozoic era, 394 Centipedes, 388 Cephalopods, 324, 388, 389, 344, 367, 380 Ceratites, 380 Ceratosaurus, 385 Chain coral, 389, 843 Chalcopyrite, 287 Chalk, 9, 374, 375 Chalybeate springs, 62 Champlain subsidence, 487 Charleston earthquake, 288 Chazy series, 327 Chelan, Lake, 141 Chemung series, 341, 342 Chesapeake Bay, 169, 170, 197 Chicago, 146, 198, 486 Chile, 286 China, 28, 161 Christmas Island, 194, 248 Cincinnati anticline, 329, 366 Cirques, 136 Clinton series, 336 Coal, 362, 370, 375 Coal Measures, 351 Coast Range, 101, 372, 399 Coastal plain, Atlantic, 188 Coelenterates, 320 Coke, 271 Colorado, 18, 29, 88, 87, 158, 288, 266, 271, 334 Colorado plateaus, 357, 403 Colorado River, 80, 76, 140, 154, 228, 307, 318, 317 Columbia lavas, 400 Columnar structure, 268 Concretions, 49 Cones, alluvial, 98 volcanic, 267 Conglomerate, 9, 178 Congo River, 175 Conifers, 377 Connecticut, 370 valley, 408 Contemporaneous lava sheets, 248, 268 Continental delta, 176, 183 Continental shelf, 183 Continents, 188 Contours, 60 Copper, 287, 310 Coquina, 177 Coral reefs, 188 Corals, ancient, 321, 332, 338, 379 Cordaites, 363 Cordilleran ice field, 426 Corniferous series, 341 Coves, 161 Crabs, 379 Crandall volcano, 268, 400 Crater Lake, 259 Creodonts, 418 Cretaceous period, 372 Crinoids, 382, 303, 379 Crocodiles, 384 Cross bedding, 65, 182 Crustacea, 322, 382, 368, 379 Crustal movements, 195 Cumberland plateau, 90 Cup corals, 388 Cycads, 377, 378 Cycle of erosion, 84, 185, 292 Cystoids, 321, 382, 367