The Elements of Qualitative Chemical Analysis, vol. 1, parts 1 and 2.: With Special Consideration of the Application of the Laws of Equilibrium and of the Modern Theories of Solution.Stieglitz, Julius
Science
The Elements of Qualitative Chemical Analysis, vol. 1, parts 1 and 2.: With Special Consideration of the Application of the Laws of Equilibrium and of the Modern Theories of Solution.
Stieglitz, Julius
Chemistry, Analytic -- Qualitative
The conclusions may be summarized in the statement that the salts of
strong bases with weak acids are more or less decomposed by water
(hydrolyzed) and the resulting solutions must react ‹alkaline›.
We find, as a matter of fact, that aqueous solutions of potassium
cyanide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphide, borax (see the table, p.
104), all react strongly alkaline to litmus (‹exp.›). Conversely,
it may be said, that if the sodium or potassium salt of an acid
dissolves in water with a ‹decidedly› alkaline reaction, it is the
salt of a weak, poorly ionized acid.[370] [p184]
«Action of Water on a Salt of a Strong Acid with a Weak
Base.»—Exactly similar relations obtain in the case of salts of
strong acids with weak bases:[1] they are decomposed, to a greater
or less extent, into the free, strong, largely ionized acid and the
free, scarcely ionized weak base, ‹the decomposition being stopped
by the accumulation of the free strong acid› (more exactly, of the
‹hydrogen-ion›). Such solutions react strongly ‹acid›, as in the case
of the chloride, nitrate, sulphate of aluminium, of iron (ferric), of
chromium, and of similar salts of weak bases.
For MeX + HOH ⇄ MeOH + HX, where MeOH ‹is a weak base› and HX a
strong acid, we have as before:[371]
[Me^{+}] / ([H^{+}] × [MeOH]) = [Salt] / ([Acid] × [Base]) =
K_{Base} / K_{HOH}.
«Action of Water on a Salt of a Base and an Acid, Both of which are
Weak.»—We will now turn to the consideration of the action of water
on the fourth class of salts, the salts of a weak base with a weak
acid.[372]
Like all salts, such a salt, say MeX, would ionize very readily, when
dissolved in water (the few exceptions to readily ionizable salts
are not under consideration), and, in this case, both the positive
and the negative ions would have to combine respectively with the
hydroxide and the hydrogen ions of water to form the ‹nonionized weak
base› and the ‹nonionized weak acid›, and satisfy ‹two very small
constants›, K_{Base} and K_{Acid}:
[Me^{+}] × [HO^{−}] / [MeOH] = K_{Base}
and [H^{+}] × [X^{−}] / [HX] = K_{Acid}.
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