The war with the Normans had taught the Eastern Empire to know and to fear the warriors of the West. Within ten years of the end of the struggle with the Guiscards, Alexius sent envoys to the West imploring Latin help against the Turks, and in 1095 his ambassadors appeared before Urban II. Before long, East and West seemed likely to unite to urge a holy war against the Turks. With the preaching of the First Crusade a new epoch set in for the Byzantine Empire. GENEALOGY OF THE MACEDONIAN DYNASTY. BASIL I., the Macedonian. (867–886). | +------------+--------------------+ | | ROMANUS Lecapenus, _m._ 2. Zoe=1. _m._ LEO VI., the Philosopher ALEXANDER (919–945). | (886–913). (912–913). | CONSTANTINE VII., Porphyrogenitus (912–959). | ROMANUS II., _m._ 1. Theophano 2. _m._ NICEPHORUS Phocas (959–963). | (963–969). | +-------------+-------------+-+-------------------+ | | | | Theophano BASIL II. CONSTANTINE VIII. Theodora _m._ Otto II. (963–1025). (963–1028). _m._ JOHN Zimisces | (969–976). +-----------------+----------+ | | ZOE(d. 1050). THEODORA _m._ (1) ROMANUS III. (1054–1056). (1028–1034). (2) MICHAEL IV. (1034–1041). (3) CONSTANTINE IX. (1042–1054). CHAPTER VIII THE EARLY CRUSADES AND THE LATIN KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM (1095–1187)[10] Early Pilgrimages to Palestine—The Turkish Conquest—Causes of the Crusades—Urban II. and the Council of Clermont—Leaders of the First Crusade—Alexius and the Crusaders—Results of the Crusade—Organisation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and its dependent States—The Military Orders—Rise of the Atabeks—Fall of Edessa—The Second Crusade—Decline of the Kingdom of Jerusalem—Power of Saladin—Fall of Jerusalem. [Sidenote: Early Pilgrimages to Palestine.]