The Employments of Women: A Cyclopædia of Woman's WorkPenny, Virginia
General
The Employments of Women: A Cyclopædia of Woman's Work
Penny, Virginia
Women -- Employment
=265. Glass Manufacture.= All the materials for making good glass exist
in the United States, and a great deal of glassware is made from them.
The largest manufactures are in different parts of Massachusetts and in
Pittsburg. The best glass for windows and mirrors is imported. I think
glass making is not altogether suitable for women on account of the
great heat, and necessity there would be for mixing with men, and men
there must be. Yet it need not be so in all departments. Of the
different kinds of ornamental window glass are enamelled, embossed,
etched, painted, white, and colored. At a glass factory in Greenpoint, I
saw some girls employed in breaking off the rough edges of mustard
cruets, cementing the metal tops on, wiping them clean, and wrapping
them up. They also cemented the tops on glass lamps. Occasionally they
are employed to tramp with their feet and knead with their hands the
English clay of which the vessels are made for holding the materials
that are fused to form glass. In a factory I saw a girl washing glass,
for which she is paid $3 a week--a day of ten hours. Two others were
tying up glass, and were paid $4 a week of ten hours a day. At one
factory in the East, they employ some girls to do the rough grinding,
making stoppers for bottles, &c. People who silver mirrors are very
seriously affected by the fumes of mercury, and more by the touch of the
substance. A trembling disease is produced, which carries off its
victims early in life. In France, some women are employed in this work.
In blowing, moulding, and pressing glass, women of strong lungs and
ability to sustain great heat could be employed. Casting glass requires
greater physical strength than generally falls to the lot of women. A
glass-bottle manufacturer in Stoddard, N. H., writes: "I employ twelve
women willowing demijohns. They are paid by the piece, and can make
about $3 per week, and board themselves. Men and women are paid the
same. The work can be learned in from four to five weeks. They are paid
at the same rate while learning. Half are Americans. Price of board
here, $1.25." The Bay State Glass Co. "employ seventeen women for
selecting and papering ware. They are paid by the week, from $3 to $5.
It requires from one week to one month to learn. The prospect for
employment depends somewhat upon the secession movement. The women are
employed the year round, and work ten hours a day. Board, $1.50 to $2 a
week." The Suffolk Glass Co. inform us they "employ one girl in capping
lamps, &c. The work affords plenty of air and exercise. Their girl is
paid by the day, and earns $4 a week, working ten hours a day. The work
done by women could not be given to men. The reason they employ a woman
is that women are employed by others for the same work. Men could
accomplish much more in their work, but not enough to pay the difference
in their wages. Boys are sometimes employed for such work. Women receive
$2 while learning.
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