The Employments of Women: A Cyclopædia of Woman's WorkPenny, Virginia
General
The Employments of Women: A Cyclopædia of Woman's Work
Penny, Virginia
Women -- Employment
A girl to succeed should be active,
intelligent, and ingenious." A gentleman who has ornaments made of
vegetable ivory, told me he could hire Germans to turn them for him at
from seventy-five cents to $1 a day.
=289. Combs.= The comb is an article of primitive date, and has been
frequently found in use among nations when first visited by civilized
men. Madame de B. told me she had frequently seen women in Europe,
making, mending, and polishing combs of tortoise shell, bone, and ivory.
In Leominster, in 1853, 264 men were employed in the comb factory, at an
average of $7 per week, board $2.50--women at an average of $3 a week,
board $1.50. A firm in Lancaster, Penn., write: "We employ seven women,
because they are better adapted to the work. They are paid by the week,
from $2 to $3.50, and work ten hours a day. They do not perform the same
kind of work as men. Boys are apprentices until twenty-one years of
age--females spend but a few weeks learning. All seasons are alike.
Women do the light work best. Board, $1.25." Some manufacturers of ivory
combs write: "Our establishment, which has been in operation over thirty
years, formerly gave employment to a large number of female operatives;
but of late years, so many labor-saving machines have been introduced,
that the number employed is very small. At present, less than a dozen
women are engaged in our factory, while we employ some forty men. We
expect all who are employed by us to work eleven hours each day, except
Saturdays during the winter, when we close before sundown. Most of our
girls work by the piece, and earn from 70 cents to $1 per day. To the
others we pay $4 per week. The time required to learn the business
varies with the character of the work--in some cases two months, in
others not more than one week. The only qualifications needed are
carefulness, activity, and common sense. The work is light, and not
particularly unhealthy. The only reason why it should be unhealthy at
all, is its sedentary nature. Board, from $1.75 to $2 per week. We have
uniformly, since the commencement of our business, refused to employ any
but American girls of known good moral character. There have been few or
none of them that have not possessed a good common-school education, and
some of them have enjoyed and well improved the advantages of such
schools as those at South Hadley, Pittsfield, and New Haven. It is a
source of gratification and pride to us, that we are able at present to
call to mind no less than seven of our operatives who have married
clergymen; one is now a missionary at the Sandwich Islands, and numbers
of them are respected and useful members of society." A manufacturer of
horn or bone combs writes: "The part assigned to women is the staining
and the bending or shaping of the comb. The business is healthy."
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