The Employments of Women: A Cyclopædia of Woman's WorkPenny, Virginia
General
The Employments of Women: A Cyclopædia of Woman's Work
Penny, Virginia
Women -- Employment
office, patent agents, &c., the drawings chiefly linear mechanical ones,
the remuneration varying according to ability. Some are paid by the
piece, and others by the day. The day laborers earn from $1 to $2, and
in two instances $2.25 and $2.50 per day. The price of work varies
according to size, intricacy, finish, &c., the rate being nearly that
which men receive, in some instances the same. This requires mechanical
knowledge which is not very often possessed by women, but is a branch of
study that would be found both pleasant and profitable, especially if
they were prepared for it by an elementary course in the public schools.
It is not a branch that admits of much display, and is therefore almost
entirely neglected, or taught in such a way as to be utterly futile for
all practical purposes. A third branch is architectural drawing. I know
of but one instance of a woman pursuing this branch, which is both
delightful, useful, and very profitable. Perhaps there is not any
department of the fine arts to which woman might more successfully
devote herself than to this. Such a devotion of woman's power would tend
to abolish the gross deformities we so often see paraded before our eyes
in the streets, in the form of buildings presenting every possible
incongruity of shape and every perversion of the beauty of form. This
requires much study, but would eventually repay for all the time and
trouble that would be bestowed upon it. A fourth is wood and other
engraving. This commands as high a price as men's labor, when brought
into the market; but when women are employed in engraving
establishments, the grossest injustice is shown them in the inequality
of the payments made. A woman will receive, in the same place, for the
same amount of labor, a sum not exceeding half of that paid to the men
in the same employment. In England this department stands on a perfect
equality as regards sex. The quality of the work being the test of
price, it is the same to men as to women, if the quality is the
same.--3. _Teachers of Drawing and Painting._ This is always most
profitable when pursued independently of the schools. When it is so
pursued, the rate of payment varies from $5 to $25 per quarter, for each
pupil, excepting in the case of very small children, when the prices may
be a trifle lower, but the same would be the case with men as with
women. In most academies the service of teaching in this department is
given by preference to women, and at the same price. When they are
engaged simply as assistants, then a gross inequality begins. A man
would be paid say $200 or $300 per annum for one half day a week--a
woman $100 or $150 at most. The reason for this lies deeper than I can
divine, but in other instances when a lower price is paid, it is
generally the fault of the individual employed. There should, if
possible (and I conceive it to be so), be a fixed rate for teaching a
certain number of pupils, and so much more additional for every one
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