Empresses -- Rome -- Biography; Women -- Rome -- Biography
In this unsatisfactory haze we must leave the conduct of the Empress
during the years in which her husband wrought for the safety of
the Empire, bequeathed his austere reflections to later ages, or
contemplated the golden images of his teachers in his _lararium_. The
triumphant return of Verus was quickly followed by years of gravest
anxiety. In the pestilential East the legions had absorbed the germs
of plague, had strewn them along their route, and had now disseminated
them throughout Rome. Thousands of victims, rich and poor, succumbed
to the subtle malady. Marcus vainly summoned the ministers of every
religion and the medical men of all schools, and sacrificed those
obscure Christians on whom popular anger was ever ready to visit a
calamity. His trouble increased when it was announced that the fierce
Marcomanni of the north had burst into the Empire, and were driving
the Romans before them. With great energy he mustered the demoralized
legions in the north, and set out with Verus against the enemy. In
the middle of the war (168) Verus, who had repeatedly tried to return
to the comfort of the capital, died. He had an apoplectic fit on the
journey, and we may ignore the various suggestions that either Lucilla,
or Faustina, or Marcus put an end to his useless career.
Marcus continued for several years the task of settling the frontier
tribes. It seems that Faustina went with him on these arduous
campaigns, though whether we may see in the circumstance any merit
on her part, or a device of the Emperor to control her conduct, it
is impossible to say. She at least earned a title--“Mother of the
Camps” and “Mother of the Legions”--which is found on few coins of the
Empresses. It is probable that her disorders belonged to an earlier
date, before and in the early part of the Emperor’s reign. It is
chiefly at Gaeta, the pretty bay on the coast where many Romans had
villas, that Capitolinus places her familiarity with gladiators and
sailors. Possibly the sobriety of her later years was accepted by her
husband as an expiation, and held to justify his eulogy of her.
Those later years were full of trouble and anxiety. Not only did two
of their children die, and their daughter Lucilla become the widow
of a notorious profligate, but the gods seemed to have entered upon
a contest with the virtue of Marcus Aurelius. A great earthquake
shook the East, the plague left a blackened trail over the Empire and
infested the camps, and other disasters were crowded into a few years.
The treasury ran short, and Marcus was obliged to put up the Imperial
treasures at auction to obtain funds for carrying on the war. His one
consolation was that the Eastern frontier was tranquil, yet in the
year 175 a messenger came to announce that his great general, Avidius
Cassius, was in revolt, and claimed the Empire.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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