Empresses -- Rome -- Biography; Women -- Rome -- Biography
At a later point in his narrative Ammianus makes a reference to this
visit that has perplexed every thoughtful reader. When he comes to
record the death of Helena, he says that it was due to a poisonous
drug administered to her by Eusebia, during the visit to Rome, to
prevent her from having children, and that in the previous year, when
she was pregnant, Eusebia sent a midwife to destroy the child under
pretence of attending her. It does not seem to occur to Gibbon and
other historians, who adopt this story, that it suggests in Eusebia a
character in complete contradiction to that ascribed to her by Ammianus
himself and every other Roman writer. A jealousy of Helena, whether on
account of her own childlessness or on account of Julian, that could
force her to such a malignant course, is utterly inconsistent with the
description we have quoted of her. The story is peremptorily rejected
by Miss Gardner and Signor Negri, and its discord with all that we know
of Eusebia is noticed by most writers.
One is tempted to inquire if it may not be an interpolation, but the
text of Ammianus lends no support whatever to the idea. We can only
suppose that Ammianus incorporated a piece of idle gossip, and was
inattentive to its inconsistency with his high moral praise of Eusebia.
Many legends, we shall see, sprang up after the death of Helena.
Some of them assail Julian, and are easily traced to their source.
It is possible that the courtiers who opposed Eusebia, and doubtless
misrepresented her zeal for Julian, started the rumour, and Ammianus
heard it in Italy years afterwards. It is a mere feather in the scale
against the authorities for the high character of the Empress.
From Rome Constantius was summoned to repel fresh invasions in the
East, and Helena returned to Gaul. She remains unnoticed until the
spring of the year 360, and we will not follow Julian through the
brilliant campaigns in which he reduced the most powerful tribes of the
barbarians, and restored peace and prosperity to his stricken province.
But while Julian succeeded in the West, the campaign of the troops of
Constantius in the East won for the Emperor few laurels, and entailed
grave disasters. The intriguers now doubled their charges against
Julian, and plausibly suggested that he would be prompted to claim a
higher title than that of Cæsar. It was decided to reduce his power by
removing a number of his finest legions to the East.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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