For it fareth with the earth as with other creatures that through
continual labour grow faint and feeble-hearted, and therefore, if
it be so far driven as to be out of breath, we may now by this
law resort to a more lusty and proud piece of ground while the
first gathers strength, which will be a means that the earth
yearly shall be surcharged with burden of her own excess. And
this did the former lawmakers overslip, tyeing the land once
tilled to a perpetual bondage and servitude of being ever
tilled.[136]
Several years before the passage of this statute, Bacon had remarked
that men were breaking up pasture land and planting it voluntarily.[137]
In 1619, a commission was appointed to consider the granting of licenses
"for arable lands converted from tillage to pasture." The proclamation
creating this commission, after referring to the laws formerly made
against such conversions, continues:
As there is much arable land of that nature become pasture, so is
there by reason thereof, much more other lands of old pasture and
waste, and wood lands where the plough neuer entred, as well as
of the same pasture lands so heretofore conuerted, become
errable, and by husbandrie made fruitfull with corne ... the
quantitie and qualitie of errable and Corne lands at this day
doth much exceed the quantitie that was at the making of the
saide Lawe.... As the want thereof [of corn] shall appeare, or
the price thereof increase, all or a great part of those lands
which were heretofore converted from errable to pasture and have
sithence gotten heart, strength and fruitfulness, will be reduced
to Corne lands againe, to the great increase of graine to the
Commonwealth and profite to each man in his private.[138]
John Hales had protested against depopulating enclosures, in 1549, by
appealing to the public spirit of landowners. They increased their
profits by converting arable land to pasture, but, he argued,
It may not be liefull for euery man to vse his owne as hym
lysteth, but eueyre man must vse that he hath to the most
benefyte of his countrie. Ther must be somethynge deuysed to
quenche this insatiable thirst of greedynes of men.[139]
But now it was no longer necessary to persuade the owners of this same
land to forgo their own interests for the sake of the public good.
Those whose land had been used as pasture for a great number of years
were finding it valuable arable, because of its long period of rest
and regeneration. Land which had been converted to pasture was being
put under the plow because of the greater profit of tillage.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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