The English and Scottish popular ballads, volume 2 (of 5)
General
The English and Scottish popular ballads, volume 2 (of 5)
Ballads, English -- England -- Texts; Ballads, Scots -- Scotland -- Texts
The names of the four actors in the Scandinavian versions are: Henry,
as in English, in all the Danish copies,[34] replaced by King Diderik
in Färöe #D#, #E#, Icelandic #F#; Gunild, or Gunder, Gunni, Gunde,
in all copies, including the Norwegian; Memering, Mimmering, in all
but the Norwegian and Danish #H#, which have the slight modifications
Mimmer, Nimmering, these last, as also Färöe #D#, #E#, adding the
suffix Tand. There is considerable variety, always with some likeness,
in the fourth name: Raffuengaard, Danish #A#; Röngård, #H#; Ronnegaar,
the Norwegian; Ravnlil, #B#, #G#, #K#, #L#, Ravnhild, #I#; Rundkrud
Hagensgaard, #C#; Roysningur, Färöe #D#, #E#; Rögnvaldr, Icelandic
#F#. Ravengaard, Röngård, Ronnegaar, with the Anglo-Latin Rodingar,
presently to be mentioned, are evidently the forerunners of the English
Aldingar (Sir Raldingar) and Rodingham.[35] The English Eleanor is
probably a later substitution for Gunild, become unfamiliar. Eleanor
may have been meant or understood for Henry Second's queen (less likely
for Henry Third's, though she went into a monastery), but considering
how freely the name is dealt with in English ballads, the question
is hardly worth raising, and assuredly it never was raised except by
editors.[36]
Memering is of diminutive size in #B-E#, #H-K#, the smallest of
Christian men in #E#, and also in the Norwegian copy.[37] The large
size of his antagonist is noted in #B#, #C#, #G#, #I#, and the
Norwegian copy. His representative in English #A# seems no more in a
man's likeness than a child of four years old. Aldingar would not have
recked had there been half a hundred such; and Aldingar is as big as a
fooder, "a tun of man," like Falstaff, though not so unwieldy.
Gunhild, daughter of Cnut the Great and Emma, was married in 1036 to
King Henry, afterwards the Emperor Henry III, and died of the plague at
Ravenna two years later, never having had any trouble with her husband.
William of Malmesbury, who died only a little more than a hundred
years after Gunhild, 1142 or 1143, writes of her as follows: She was
a girl of extraordinary beauty, and had been sighed for in vain by
many suitors before her hand was bestowed upon Henry. She was attended
to the ship which was to take her to her husband by a procession so
splendid that it was still in William's day the theme of popular song.
After many years of married life she was denounced for adultery, and
offered as her champion against her accuser (who was a man of gigantic
bulk), others refusing, a mere boy that she had brought with her from
England, who by miracle hamstrung her defamer. Gunhild then could not
be induced by threats or blandishments to live longer with her husband,
but took the veil, and passed the remainder of a long life in the
service of God.[38]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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