s. 162. The extent to which a language, which like the English, at one and the same time requires names for many objects, comes in contact with the tongues of half the world, {106} and has, moreover, a great power of incorporating foreign elements, derives fresh words from varied sources, may be seen from the following incomplete notice of the languages which have, in different degrees, supplied it with new terms. _Arabic._--Admiral, alchemist, alchemy, alcohol, alcove, alembic, algebra, alkali, assassin, from a paper of Mr. Crawford, read at the British Association, 1849. _Persian._--Turban, caravan, dervise, &c.--_Ditto._ _Turkish._--Coffee, bashaw, divan, scimitar, janisary, &c.--_Ditto._ _Hindu languages._--Calico, chintz, cowrie, curry, lac, muslin, toddy, &c.--_Ditto._ _Chinese._--Tea, bohea, congou, hyson, soy, nankin, &c.--_Ditto._ _Malay._--Bantam (fowl), gamboge, rattan, sago, shaddock, &c.--_Ditto._ _Polynesian._--Taboo, tattoo.--_Ditto._ _Tungusian_, or some similar Siberian language.--Mammoth, the bones of which are chiefly from the banks of the Lena. _North American Indian._--Squaw, wigwam, pemmican. _Peruvian._--Charki=prepared meat; whence _jerked_ beef. _Caribbean._--Hammock. _Ancient Carian._--Mausoleum. s. 163. In s. 157 a distinction is drawn between the _direct_ and _indirect_, the latter leading to the _ultimate origin_ of words. Thus a word borrowed into the English from the French, might have been borrowed into the French from the Latin, into the Latin from the Greek, into the Greek from the Persian, &c., and so _ad infinitum_. The investigation of this is a matter of literary curiosity rather than any important branch of philology. The ultimate known origin of many common words sometimes goes back to a great date, and points to extinct languages-- _Ancient Nubian (?)_--Barbarous. _Ancient Egyptian._--Ammonia. _Ancient Syrian._--Cyder. _Ancient Syrian._--Pandar. {107} _Ancient Lydian._--Maeander. _Ancient Persian._--Paradise.