When a difference of form has ceased to express a difference of meaning, it has become superfluous. This is the case with the two forms in question. One of them may be dispensed with; and the consequence is, that, although in the Latin language both the perfect and the aorist forms are found, they are, with few exceptions, never found in the same word. Wherever there is the perfect, the aorist is wanting, and _vice vers[^a]_. The two ideas _I have struck_ and _I struck_ are merged into the notion of past time in general, and are expressed by one of two forms, sometimes by that of the Greek perfect, and sometimes by that of the Greek aorist. On account of this the grammarians have cut down the number of Latin tenses to _five_; forms like _cucurri_ and _vixi_ being dealt with as one and the same tense. The true view is, that in _curro_ the aorist form is replaced by the perfect, and in _vixi_ the perfect form is replaced by the aorist. s. 361. In the present English there is no undoubted perfect or reduplicate form. The form _moved_ corresponds in meaning not with [Greek: tetupha] and _momordi_, but with [Greek: etupsa] and _vixi_. Its sense is that of [Greek: etupsa], and not that of [Greek: tetupha]. The notion given by [Greek: tetupha] we express by the circumlocution _I have beaten_. We have no such form as _bebeat_ or _memove_. In the Moeso-Gothic, however, there was a true reduplicate form; in other words, a perfect tense as well as an aorist. It {305} is by the possession of this form that the verbs of the first six conjugations are characterized. 1st. Faltha, _I fold_ . F['a]ifalth, _I have folded_, or _I folded_. Halda, _I feed_ . H['a]ihald, _I have fed_, or _I fed_. Haha, _I hang_ . H['a]ihah, _I have hanged_, or _I hanged_. 2nd. H['a]ita, _I call_ . H['a]ih['a]it, _I have called_, or _I called_. L['a]ika, _I play_ . L['a]il['a]ik, _I have played_, or _I played_. 3d. Hl['a]upa,_I run_ . Hl['a]il['a]up,_I have run_, or _I ran_. 4th. Sl[^e]pa, _I sleep_ . S['a]izl[^e]p, _I have slept_, or _I slept_. 5th. L['a]ia, _I laugh_ . L['a]il[^o], _I have laughed_, or _I laught_. S['a]ija, _I sow_ . S['a]is[^o], _I have sown_, or _I sowed_. 6th Gr[^e]ta, _I weep_ . G['a]igr[^o]t, _I have wept_, or _I wept_. T[^e]ka, _I touch_ . T['a]it[^o]k, _I have touched_, or _I touched_. In Moeso-Gothic, as in Latin, the perfect forms have, besides their own, an aorist sense, and _vice vers[^a]_. In Moeso-Gothic, as in Latin, few (if any) words are found in both forms.