The English Peasantry and the Enclosure of Common FieldsSlater, Gilbert
History
The English Peasantry and the Enclosure of Common Fields
Slater, Gilbert
Agriculture -- England; Inclosures; Peasants -- England; Village communities -- Great Britain
1,100 quarters of wheat at 28_s._ per quarter 1,540 0 0
1,200 quarters of barley at 16_s._ per quarter 960 0 0
900 quarters of beans at 15_s._ per quarter 675 0 0
250 todds of wool at 16_s._ per todd 200 0 0
600 lambs at 10_s._ each 300 0 0
5,000 lbs. of cheese at 1½_d._ per lb. 31 5 0
6,000 lbs. of butter at 5_d._ per lb. 125 0 0
100 calves at 20_s._ each 100 0 0
150 pigs at 12_s._ each 90 0 0
Poultry and eggs 80 0 0
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£4,101 5 0
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The quantities estimated are eminently reasonable, and in harmony with
other statements available with regard to the produce of the common
fields of the Midlands; the prices also are clearly not over-stated.
As the result of enclosure the twenty farms were consolidated into
four, the whole area was devoted to grazing, sixty cottages were pulled
down or otherwise disappeared, and the necessary work was done by four
herds (one for each farm) at £25 a year each, board included, and eight
maidservants at £18 a year each, board included.
The gross produce of the parish after enclosure was:--
£ _s. d._
Fat beasts 960 0 0
Sheep and lambs 760 0 0
Calves 165 0 0
Wool 235 0 0
Butter 190 0 0
Cheese 100 0 0
Horses 250 0 0
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£2,660 0 0
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But while the gross produce was thus reduced by about one-third, the
gross rent was raised from £1137 17_s._ 0_d._ to £1801 12_s._ 2_d._[47]
[47] According to the “Country Gentleman’s” calculations, the gross
produce of the 1800 acres of common field and 200 acres of common
pasture would be before enclosure £1419 8_s._, and after, £3000,
which agrees very closely with the “Country Farmer’s” statement, the
absolute amounts being greater, the ratio between them practically
identical.
Though unfortunately the parish is not identified, and the witness
is anonymous, the whole statement appears to have been carefully and
exactly made. In this case we have no fewer than sixty families of
small farmers or agricultural labourers expelled from their homes in a
single parish of about 2300 acres.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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