The English Prison SystemRuggles-Brise, Evelyn, Sir
History
The English Prison System
Ruggles-Brise, Evelyn, Sir
Prisons -- Great Britain
Although the Justices lost their administrative powers, they remain
in the shape of the "Visiting Committee," a body selected from the
local Magistracy, as the judicial authority of Local Prisons, for
hearing and determining reports against prisoners, and for the award
of punishment. They also have large general powers of advice and
suggestion; and the admitted success of the policy of centralization
has been undoubtedly due to the wise compromise which continued the
interest and concern of the local Magistracy in their local prisons;
and which ensured not only just and patient hearing of reports against
prisoners, but permitted reports on any abuses within the prison,
and on complaints made by prisoners, by an independent judicial and
unpaid body; and provided, at the same time, a tribunal to which the
Secretary of State could always refer with confidence any question that
might arise as between prisoners and the State. In certain respects,
however, the judicial powers of the local magistrates were curtailed,
_e.g._, powers of ordering confinement in a punishment cell were
reduced from twenty-eight to fourteen days, and the award of corporal
punishment was made dependent on the concurrence of two magistrates.
In other respects, the tendency of the Act was towards a greater
humanity of treatment. The rigid provisions of the Act of 1865 as to
the enforcement of first class hard labour were modified. Under that
Act, it was enforced for the whole of a sentence of three months, or
even for an entire sentence, however long. Under the Act of 1877, the
compulsory period was limited to one month. Another notable feature of
the Act was the classification of prisoners into two divisions, one of
which was that any person convicted of misdemeanour and sentenced to
imprisonment without hard labour, might be ordered to be treated as a
misdemeanant of the First Division, and, as such, was not deemed to be
a criminal prisoner. Persons convicted of sedition or seditious libel,
or imprisoned under any rule, order, or attachment, or for contempt of
any Court, were to be placed in the First Division.
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