[166] In the _Codex Diplomaticus_, No. MCCCLIV., there is an interesting document early in the eleventh century, the original of which is in the British Museum (_MS. Cott. Tib._ B. v. f. 76 _b_), written on the back of a much older copy of the Gospels, and containing particulars respecting the _geburs_ on the Hatfield estate in Hertfordshire--their _pedigrees_, in fact--showing that they had intermarried with others of the following manors in Hertfordshire, viz.:--_Tæccingawyrde_ (Datchworth), _Wealaden_ (King's or Paul's Walden), _Welugun_ (Welwyn), _Wadtune_ (Watton), _Munddene_ (Mundon), _Wilmundeslea_ (Wymondley), and _Eslingadene_ (Essenden). The fact that it was worth while to preserve a record of the pedigree of the _geburs_ shows that they were _adscripti glebæ_. And there can be no doubt of the identity of the _geburs_ of this document with the _villani_ of the Domesday Survey of these various places. The pedigrees of _villani_ or _nativi_ were carefully kept in some manors even after the _Black Death_. [167] Cotton MS. _Augustus_, ii. 64. Fac-similes of Ancient Charters in the British Museum, Part II. [168] This may be read 23d. and a sester of barley; or, perhaps, 20d. and three sestras of barley. But the best reading seems to be that in the text. [169] This is a word often used in later documents, and seems to mean a certain amount of ploughing done as an equivalent for an allowance of grass. _Grass-yrth_ may be the _gafol_ for the share in the _Lammas meadows_, and the _gafol-yrth_ for the arable in the _yard-land_. [170] _Laws of Ine_, s. 67. Thorpe, p. 63. [171] The opening clause of Ine's laws, as republished by King Alfred with his own, states that they were recorded under the counsel and teaching of his father _Cenred_, who resigned his kingship to Ine in A.D. 688. [172] _Alfred and Guthrum's Peace_, Thorpe, p. 66. 'We hold all equally dear, English and Danish, at viii. half marks of pure gold, except the "ceorle þe on _gafol-lande sit_, and heora _liesingum_" (_lysingon_); they also are equally dear at cc. shillings,' _i.e._ they are '_twihinde men._' [173] Matt. xvii. 25. [174] _Beda_, i. c. 34:-- Nemo enim in tribunis, nemo in regibus plures eorum terras, exterminatis vel subjugatis indigenis, aut tributarias genti Anglorum, aut habitabiles fecit. Ne wæs æfre ænig cyning ne ealdorman ꝥ ma heora landa ute amærde ⁊ him to gewealde underþeodde forþon ðe he hi to gafulgyldum gesette on Angel ðeodde. oþþe of heora lande adraf. Never was there ever any king nor ealdorman that more their lands exterminated, and to his power subjected, for that he them to gafol set to the English people, or else off their land drove. [175] Luke xvi. [176] _Supplement to Edgar's Laws_, i. Thorpe, p. 115. [177] Thorpe, p. 53, where they are mentioned as sometimes held by even '_Wiliscmen_,' _i.e._ tenants not of Saxon blood. [178] Thorpe, p. 50. [179] _Ibid._ p. 46.