The English Village Community: Examined in its Relations to the Manorial and Tribal Systems and to the Common or Open Field System of Husbandry; An Essay in Economic History (Reprinted from the Fourth Edition)Seebohm, Frederic
History
The English Village Community: Examined in its Relations to the Manorial and Tribal Systems and to the Common or Open Field System of Husbandry; An Essay in Economic History (Reprinted from the Fourth Edition)
Seebohm, Frederic
Village communities -- Great Britain
(1) Servi enim ecclesiæ tributa sua legitime reddant, quindecim
siclas de cervisa, porco valente [al. porcum valentem] tremisse
uno, pane [al. panem] modia dua, pullos quinque, ova viginti.
(2) Ancillæ autem opera inposita sine neglecto faciant.
(3) Servi dimidiam partem sibi et dimidiam [al. dimidium] in
dominico arativum reddant. Et si super hæc est, sicut servi
ecclesiastici ita faciant, tres dies sibi et tres in dominico.
XXIII.
De liberis autem ecclesiasticis, quod [al. quos] colonos
vocant, omnes sicut coloni regis ita reddant ad ecclesiam.
XXII.
(1) Let servi of the Church pay their tribute rightly, viz.,
15 siclæ of beer, with a sound spring pig, of bread two modia,
five fowls, twenty eggs.
(2) Let female servi do services required without neglect.
(3) Let servi do ploughing, half for themselves and half in the
demesne. And if there be other services, let them do as the
servi of the Church--three days for themselves and three days
in the demesne.
XXIII.
Concerning the freemen of the Church who are called 'coloni,'
let all pay to the Church just as the coloni of the king.
These clauses seem to establish clearly three facts:--
(1) That the slavery of the slaves or _servi_ on the ecclesiastical
estates had already, in A.D. 622, become modified and restricted as a
matter of general ecclesiastical custom to a _three days' week-work_.
(2) That the proper tribute (or _gafol_) of persons becoming servi
of the Church by surrender under this edict was to be as stated; the
resemblance of the details of this tribute with those mentioned in
the St. Gall surrenders showing the servile nature of the status into
which those making the surrender placed themselves thereby.
(3) Freemen of the Church called '_coloni_' were [p324] to pay to
the Church as the _coloni_ on the _terra regis_ did to the king.
In other words, a _whole villa_ or _manor_, with the village
community of 'free coloni' and the 'servi' upon it, might be handed
over _as a whole_ to the Church: in which case the free coloni were
to remain free and pay tribute to the Church as they would have done
to the king if they had been 'coloni' on the _terra regis_.
After thus becoming 'free coloni' of the Church they might, if they
chose, by a second act surrender their freedom and become _servi_ of
the Church, just as 'free coloni' on royal villas or on the _terra
regis_ might do under this edict.
This evidence relates, it will be remembered, to the district on
the left bank of the Rhine, which so abounded with '_heims_' and
'_villas_,' as well as to that portion of the 'Agri Decumates' which
was included in the province of Germania Prima.
There is still clearer evidence for the district to the east of the
'Agri Decumates,' comprehended in the Roman province of Rhætia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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