The tribute of the 'servi' of the Church was thus stated in the latter:-- 15 siclæ of beer. A sound spring pig. 2 modia of bread. 5 fowls. 20 eggs. As regards this tribute _in kind_ the likeness is obvious, and it further so closely resembles the food-rent of the Welsh free tribesmen as to suggest that it may have been a survival of ancient tribal dues--a suggestion which the word 'gafol' itself confirms. It seems to be connected with the _Abgabe_, or food gifts of the German tribesmen.[622] «Possible connexion with Roman _tributum_.» We saw that the word _gafol_ was the equivalent of _tributum_ in the Saxon translation of the Gospels. 'Does your master pay tribute?' '_Gylt he gafol?_' Further, the French evidence seems to show [p401] that the later manorial payments in kind and services upon Frankish manors were, to some extent, a survival of the old Roman exactions in Gaul.[623] And the tribute of the Alamannic and Bavarian laws, and of the St. Gall and other charters, was found to be equally clearly a survival of the Roman tributum in the German province of Rhætia and the 'Agri Decumates.' «The Saxon 'gafol-yrth' and the Roman 'agrarium' or tithe-rent.» But in addition to the 'gafol' in kind, there was the _gafol-yrth_; and of this also we found in the St. Gall charters numerous examples. In the many cases where the owner of homesteads and land surrendered them to the Abbey, and henceforth paid tribute to the Abbey, there was not only the tribute in kind, but also the _ploughing of so many acres_, sometimes of one, sometimes of two, and sometimes of one in each _zelga_ or field--to be ploughed, and reaped, and carried by the tenant. The combination of the dues in _kind_ and in _ploughing_, with sometimes other services, made up the _tributum in servitium_--_i.e._ the gafol of the _tributarius_, or '_gafol-gelder_,' which he paid under the Alamannic laws to his lord, the latter thenceforth paying the public tributum for the land to the State. Perhaps we may go one step further. «Not always a tenth.» From the remarkable resemblance of the English _gafol-yrth_ and its South German equivalent the inference was drawn that this peculiar _rent taken in the form of the ploughing of a definite number of acres_, was probably a survival of the Roman tenths, [p402] or other proportion of produce claimed as rent from settlers on the _ager publicus_ of the 'Agri Decumates,' and of Rhætia. Indications were found that the _agrarium_, or tenth of the arable produce, may have been taken _in actual acres_ like the Saxon tithes--_i.e._ in the produce of so many '_andecenæ_,' the ploughing, sowing, reaping, and garnering of which were done by the tenant.