[597] The Agrimensores reckoned 3 modii of land to the jugerum. _Gromatici Veteres_, i. p. 359 (13). In general 5 modii of wheat seed was sown on the jugerum, but the '_lawful andecena_,' being only about three-fifths of a jugerum, would require only 3 modii of wheat seed to sow it. [598] Herod, ii. 168 [599] According to Suidas it was equal to four ἄρουραι, and Homer mentions τετράγυον as a usual field representing a day's work. (Od. xviii. 374.) Hence τετράγυον = 'as much as a man can plough in a day.' [600] 'Sulcum autem ducere longiorem quam pedum centumviginti contrarium pecori est.'--Col. ii. 11, 27. [601] The Rev. W. Denton, in his _Servia and the Servians_, p. 135, mentions Servian ploughs with six, ten, or twelve oxen in the team. See also mention of similar teams of oxen or buffaloes in Turkey--_Reports on Tenures of Land_, 1869–70, p. 306. [602] '_Der älteste Anbau der Deutschen._' Von A. Meitzen, Jena, 1881. [603] Zimmer's _Altindisches Leben_, p. 237. [604] There are two other points which bear upon the Roman connexion with the _acre_. (1) If the length of the furrow was to be increased, it would be natural to jump from one well-known measure to another. The _stadium_, or length of the foot race, was one-eighth of a mile, and was composed of ten of the Greek ἅμμα. The 'furlong' is also the one-eighth of a mile, and contains ten chains. But the stadium contained 625 Roman feet or 600 Greek feet--about 607 English statute feet. How does this comport with its containing 40 rods? The fact is, the rod varied in different provinces, and the Romans adopted probably the rod of the country in measuring the acre. 'Perticas autem juxta loca vel crassitudinem terrarum, prout provincialibus placuit videmus esse dispositas, quasdam decimpedas, quibusdam duos additos pedes, aliquas vero xv. vel x. et vii. pedum diffinitas.'--_Pauca de Mensuris, Grom. Vet._, Lachmann, &c., p. 371. Forty rods of 10 cubits, or 15 feet each, would equal the 600 feet of the Greek stadium. In fact, the English statute furlong is based upon a rod of 16½ feet. There is also the further fact that the later Agrimensores expressly mention a 'stadialis ager of 625 feet' (Lachmann, Isodorus, p. 368; _De Mensuris excerpta_, p. 372). So that it seems to be clear that the stadium, like the furlong, was used not only in measuring distances, but also in the division of fields. (2) We have seen that the acre strips in England were often called 'balks,' because of the ridge of unbroken turf by which they were divided the one from the other. We have further seen that the word 'balk' in Welsh and in English was applied to the pieces of turf left unploughed between the furrows by careless ploughing. There is a Vedic word which has the same meaning.