The English Village Community: Examined in its Relations to the Manorial and Tribal Systems and to the Common or Open Field System of Husbandry; An Essay in Economic History (Reprinted from the Fourth Edition)Seebohm, Frederic
History
The English Village Community: Examined in its Relations to the Manorial and Tribal Systems and to the Common or Open Field System of Husbandry; An Essay in Economic History (Reprinted from the Fourth Edition)
Seebohm, Frederic
Village communities -- Great Britain
The following were the services on the manor of Thorp:[49]--
Each of the _hidarii_ ought to plough 8 acres, 4 in winter and
4 in Lent.
Also to harrow and sow with the lord's seed.
After Pentecost each house (_domus_) of the hide has to hoe
thrice.
And to reap 4 acres, 2 of rye (_siligine_), and 2 of barley and
oats.
And find a waggon (_carrum_) with 2 men to carry the hard
grain, and another to carry the soft grain; and each waggon
(_plaustrum_) shall have 1 sheaf.
Each house of the hide has to mow 3 half-acres.
Each house of the hide has to provide a man to reap until the
third [day], if aught remains.
Each house of the hide and of the demesne allotted to tenants
has to provide the strongest man whom it has for the lord's
'_precariæ_' in autumn, the lord providing him meals twice a
day.
All men, both of the hide and of the demesne, have to provide
their own ploughs for the lord's '_precariæ_,' the lord
providing their meals.
And each hide ought to thresh out seed for the sowing of 4
acres after Michaelmas Day.
Each hide must thresh out so much seed as will suffice for the
land ploughed by one team in winter and in Lent.
Each house of the whole village owes a hen at Christmas and
eggs at Easter.
These 10 hides ought to repair and keep in repair these houses
in the demesne, viz. the Grange, cowhouse, and threshing house.
Each of these _hidarii_ owes 2 _doddæ_ of oats in the middle of
March.
And 14 loaves for '_mescinga_' (?).
And a '_companagium_' (flesh, fish, or cheese).
Each hide owes 5s. by the year, and ought to make of the lord's
wood 4 hurdles of rods for the fold.
«_Solanda_, or double hide.»
The instance of another manor of St. Paul's (Tillingham), in
Essex,[50] may be cited as further evidence that sometimes, even
where the holdings (as at Winslow) were virgates and half-virgates,
their original relation to the hide was not yet forgotten. For after
giving the list of tenants in demesne, and of 19 [p054] tenants
holding 30 acres each, who 'faciunt magnas operationes,' _i.e._ do
full service, there is a statement that in this manor 30 acres make
a virgate, and 120 acres a hide;[51] so that here also there are 4
virgates to the hide. But there was further in this manor a _double
hide_, called a '_solanda_,'[52] presumably of 240 acres. A double
hide called a _solanda_ is also mentioned in Sutton in Middlesex,[53]
and another in Drayton;[54] and the term _solanda_ is probably the
same as the well-known '_sullung_' or '_solin_' of Kent, meaning a
'plough land.'
It will be remembered that in the Huntingdonshire Hundred Rolls a
double hide of 240 acres was noticed.
«The Kentish _sullungs_ and _yokes_.»
It may also be mentioned that in Kent[55] the division of the
_sullung_, or hide, was called a _yoke_, instead of a yard-land or
virgate; suggesting that the divisions of the plough land in some way
corresponded with the yokes of oxen in the team.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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