The corporate character of the 'villata' is also illustrated by frequent mention of the village officials. The _faber_,[92] or blacksmith, whose duty it was to keep in repair the ironwork of the ploughs of the village, usually held his bovate or other holding in respect of his office free from ordinary services. The carpenter[93] also held his holding free, in return for his obligation to repair the woodwork of the ploughs and harrows. «The punder.» «The præpositus.» The _punder_[94] (pound-keeper) was another official with a recognised position. And, as a matter of course, the villein tenant holding the office of _præpositus_ for the time being was freed by virtue of his office from the ordinary services of his virgate or two bovates,[95] but resumed them again when his term of [p071] office ceased, and another villein was elected in his stead. «Cornage.» In addition to the ordinary agricultural services in respect of the arable land, there is mention, in the services of Boldon and other places, of special dues or payments, probably for rights of grazing or possession of herds of cattle. This kind of payment is called 'cornagium,' either because it is paid in horned cattle, or, if in money, in respect of the number of horned cattle held. «Drengage.» There are also services connected with the bishop's hunting expeditions. Thus there are persons holding in 'drengage,' who have to feed a horse and a dog, and 'to go in the great hunt' (_magna caza_) with two harriers and 15 'cordons,' &c.[96] «Hunting services.» «Booths at the fairs of St. Cuthbert.» So of the villani of 'Aucklandshire'[97] it is recorded that they are 'to furnish for the great hunts of the bishop a "cordon" from each bovate, and to make the Bishop's hall (_aula_) in the forest, sixty feet long and sixteen feet wide between the posts, with a buttery, a steward's room, a chamber and "privat." Also they make a chapel 40 feet long by 15 wide, receiving two shillings, of charity; and make their portion of the hedge (_haya_) round the lodges (_logiæ_). On the departure of the bishop they have a full tun of beer, or half a tun if he should stay on. They also keep the eyries of the hawks in the bailiwick of Radulphus Callidus, and put up 18 booths (_bothas_) at the fairs of St. Cuthbert.'