«Terra regis.» What land was extra-manorial or belonged to no township was probably royal forest or waste. At the date of the Survey this unappropriated forest, as well as the numerous royal manors already alluded to, was included in the royal demesne. Whatever belonged to the latter was excluded from the jurisdiction [p084] of the courts of the hundreds. It acknowledged no lordship but that of the king, and was described in the Survey as _terra regis_. II. THE DIVISION OF THE MANOR INTO LORD'S DEMESNE AND LAND IN VILLENAGE. Not only were there manors everywhere, but throughout the Domesday Survey the division of the land of the manor into lord's demesne and land in villenage was all but universal, both in the time of Edward the Confessor and at the later date. It was so equally in the case of manors both in royal and in private hands. «Hides _ad geldum_.» The record generally begins with the number of hides or carucates at which the whole manor was rated according to ancient assessment. Generally, except in the Danish district of England (where the _carucate_ only is used), the word _hide_ (though often originally meaning, as already mentioned, the same thing as a carucate, viz. the land of one plough) was used in the Survey exclusively as the ancient unit of assessment, while the actual extent of the manor was described in _carucates_, and thus the number of hides often fell far short of the number of carucates. «Actual _carucæ_ or plough teams.» In the _Inquisitio Eliensis_ the Huntingdonshire manors of the abbey are described as containing so many _hides_ '_ad geldum_,' and so many _carucates_ '_ad arandum_,' thus exactly explaining the use of the terms. [Illustration: Domesday Surveys: Sochmanni and Liberi Homines; Servi; Boroarii and Cotarii; and Villani.] In Kent the ancient assessment was, consistently with later records, given by the number of [p085] solins--_sulung_ being an old word used both long before and afterwards, as we have seen, in the south-east of England for 'plough land.' Generally, whatever the terms made use of, the basis of the assessment seems to have been the number of plough teams at the time it was made, and (except in the west of England) this probably had been the case also as regards the ancient one quoted in the Survey. The actual circumstances of the manors had at the date of the Survey wandered far away from those at the date of the ancient assessment, and therefore it was needful to state the present actual number of carucates (_carucatæ_) or plough teams (_carucæ_).[108] The devastations of the Norman Conquest had not been wholly repaired at the date of the Survey, and therefore after the number of actual plough teams in demesne and in villenage it is often stated that so many more might be added. «In demesne and in villenage.»