The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 01 (of 11)Hobbes, Thomas
Philosophy
The English works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, Volume 01 (of 11)
Hobbes, Thomas
Philosophy, English -- 17th century
6. Two lines are said to _touch_ one another, which being both drawn to
one and the same point, will not cut one another, though they be
produced, produced, I say, in the same manner in which they were
generated. And therefore if two strait lines touch one another in any
one point, they will be contiguous through their whole length. Also two
lines continually crooked will do the same, if they be congruous and be
applied to one another according to their congruity; otherwise, if they
be incongruously applied, they will, as all other crooked lines, touch
one another, where they touch, but in one point only. Which is manifest
from this, that there can be no congruity between a strait line and a
line that is continually crooked; for otherwise the same line might be
both strait and crooked. Besides, when a strait line touches a crooked
line, if the strait line be never so little moved about upon the point
of contact, it will cut the crooked line; for seeing it touches it but
in one point, if it incline any way, it will do more than touch it; that
is, it will either be congruous to it, or it will cut it; but it cannot
be congruous to it; and therefore it will cut it.
[Sidenote: The definition of an angle, and the kinds thereof.]
7. An angle, according to the most general acceptation of the word, may
be thus defined; _when two lines, or many superficies, concur in one
sole point, and diverge every where else, the quantity of that
divergence is an_ ANGLE. And an angle is of two sorts; for, first, it
may be made by the concurrence of lines, and then it is a _superficial
angle_; or by the concurrence of superficies, and then it is called a
_solid angle_.
Again, from the two ways by which two lines may diverge from one
another, superficial angles are divided into two kinds. For two strait
lines, which are applied to one another, and are contiguous in their
whole length, may be separated or pulled open in such manner, that their
concurrence in one point will still remain; and this separation or
opening may be either by circular motion, the centre whereof is their
point of concurrence, and the lines will still retain their straitness,
the quantity of which separation or divergence is an _angle_ simply so
called; or they may be separated by continual flexion or curvation in
every imaginable point; and the quantity of this separation is that,
which is called an _angle of contingence_.
Besides, of superficial angles simply so called, those, which are in a
plane superficies, are plane; and those, which are not plane, are
denominated from the superficies in which they are.
Lastly, those are _strait-lined angles_, which are made by strait lines;
as those which are made by crooked lines are _crooked-lined_; and those
which are made both of strait and crooked lines, are _mixed angles_.
[Sidenote: In concentric circles, arches of the same angle are to one
another, as the whole circumferences are.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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