Can any reason, for example, be assigned why the Doric capital should
be appropriated to a pillar, whose height is equal to eight diameters;
the Ionic volute to one of nine; and the Corinthian foliage to one of
ten? The propriety of each of those appropriations can be founded upon
nothing but habit and custom. The eye having been used to see a
particular proportion connected with a particular ornament, would be
offended if they were not joined together. Each of the five orders has
its peculiar ornaments, which cannot be changed for any other, without
giving offence to all those who know any thing of the rules of
architecture. According to some architects, indeed, such is the
exquisite judgment with which the ancients have assigned to each order
its proper ornaments, that no others can be found which are equally
suitable. It seems, however, a little difficult to be conceived that
these forms, though, no doubt, extremely agreeable, should be the only
forms which can suit those proportions, or that there should not be
five hundred others which, antecedent to established custom, would
have fitted them equally well. When custom, however, has established
particular rules of building, provided they are not absolutely
unreasonable, it is absurd to think of altering them for others which
are only equally good, or even for others which, in point of elegance
and beauty, have naturally some little advantage over them. A man
would be ridiculous who should appear in public with a suit of clothes
quite different from those which are commonly worn, though the new
dress should in itself be ever so graceful or convenient. And there
seems to be an absurdity of the same kind in ornamenting a house after
a quite different manner from that which custom and fashion have
prescribed; though the new ornaments should in themselves be somewhat
superior to the common ones in use.
According to the ancient rhetoricians, a certain measure or verse was
by nature appropriated to each particular species of writing, as being
naturally expressive of that character, sentiment, or passion, which
ought to predominate in it. One verse, they said, was fit for grave
and another for gay works, which could not, they thought, be
interchanged without the greatest impropriety. The experience of
modern times, however, seems to contradict this principle, though in
itself it would appear to be extremely probable. What is the burlesque
verse in English, is the heroic verse in French. The tragedies of
Racine and the Henriad of Voltaire, are nearly in the same verse with,
Let me have your advice in a weighty affair.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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