In the State constitutions the important administrative offices are usually named, as of treasurer, auditor general, secretary of state, superintendent of education, commissioner of labor, of insurance, of agriculture, of railways, and the like. The duties of persons elected to these offices are usually prescribed in general terms. Their delegated powers are ascertainable by judicial procedure. A little reflection will make clear that most of the mere business of government, State or federal, is carried on by administrative officials who number, in the aggregate, in the United States quite a million. These persons possess slight, if any discretionary authority; they are ministerial public servants, and in the exercise of authority vested in them they are all amenable to judicial process. 150. That Congress, with delegated powers of legislation, and exercising them as the representative and agent of the sovereign people of the United States, has power to lay and collect taxes, to coin money, to declare war, to regulate commerce, and to do other acts, whether or not these powers were specifically conferred, can hardly be denied. The exercise of such powers goes with the very existence of government. An example is afforded by the decision of the Supreme Court that the power of the United States to acquire territory and to govern it is an exercise of the war power.[423] The Court here reasons from the general to the particular: from the general grant of power to declare war to the particular use of the power in governing an area of territory acquired. It might seem, then, that as the whole always includes the part, and the general the particular,—the necessary and essential thing to do in creating government is merely to create it; for example, that the people of the United States should ordain and establish a Constitution consisting of the Preamble, which states the purpose and authority of the Constitution, and three general articles: Article I. The legislative power is vested in Congress. Article II. The executive power is vested in the President. Article III. The judicial power is vested in a Court. 151. The Preamble and these three delegations of power comprise the essentials of the Constitution, lacking one other: Article IV. The powers not delegated are reserved to the States or to the people, and the enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.[424] The rights thus retained, that is, _not delegated_, are _fundamental rights_, are inviolate, and to guard against transgressions of the high powers delegated to government by the people are excepted out of the general powers of government; and being excepted out of the general powers, they are logically excepted out of the particular.