When the pump is employed to remove the contents of the stomach, two washhand-basins are placed at hand, one empty, one full of tepid water. The patient is seated in a high-backed chair to steady his head; one assistant holds his hands, while a second screws the small end of the gag between the teeth and forces open the mouth, across which it is then easily fixed. The flexible tube, being well oiled, is next passed across the pharynx and down the gullet slowly and cautiously, without staying for any effort of vomiting it may induce; when about 20 inches are passed through the gag the nozzle has reached the stomach. First, two or three syringefuls of water are injected into the stomach; then, removing the second tube from the basin of water to the empty basin, the action of the syringe is reversed, by pressing on the lever as the piston is raised, and letting it fly up when the piston is depressed. Thus two syringefuls may be withdrawn, then fresh water is again injected and withdrawn, until the contents of the stomach are removed and the water returns clear. Precaution must be always taken not to exhaust from the stomach before water is injected, lest the coats of that organ be injured by being sucked against the nozzle of the tube. If desirable, antidotes may be dissolved or suspended in the water injected. When the pump is used for feeding patients, one or two pints of beef tea, eggs beaten with milk or wine, Liebig’s soup, &c., are the kinds of food suited for the purpose. Each time the pump is used, it should be thoroughly cleaned by syringing through it plenty of warm water, and the tubes must be unscrewed to wipe the joints carefully. =Transfusion of Blood.=—The points of greatest importance in performing this operation are:— 1. That the supply of blood come from a vigorous adult. 2. That the transfer be made within two minutes of the blood’s escape from the vein of the supplier. 3. That, to prevent coagulation, the blood should pass over as small a surface, and suffer as little exposure as possible in transit. 4. Care must be taken to prevent air entering the vein with the blood. The apparatus described below is that devised by Dr. Graily Hewitt, and depicted in the Obstetrical Society’s Transactions for 1864, page 137. It consists of a glass syringe holding two ounces (fig. 96), with a piston easily attached and removed; its nozzle is curved and fits the mouth of a cannula of silver. The nozzle of the syringe is provided with a little stopper attached by a chain; a stylet likewise fills the cannula, to be withdrawn when the blood is injected through the latter. [Illustration: Fig. 96.—Graily Hewitt’s syringe for transfusion of blood.] The success of the operation depends in great measure on the rapidity with which it is performed, and requires the aid of two assistants that the various steps may follow each other as quickly as possible. _Apparatus._—1. Syringe, cannula and stylet. 2. Lancet. 3. Scalpel. 4. Forceps.