Step 2. Rarify the air in a glass by plunging the flame into it a few moments, and then quickly clap the mouth of the glass on the skin; leave it there while a second and third glass are heated and applied, when the first should be removed and its vacuum restored before it is replaced. In putting the glasses on again, their rims should not lie exactly in the rings marked on the skin by previous applications, or the bruises may inflame and slough afterwards at these parts. The application and removal of the glasses should be done as lightly as possible to prevent all unnecessary pain. A few repetitions of this incomplete vacuum causes the skin to puff up readily into the glasses, and much blood is thereby attracted into the cellular tissue. _Bleeding or Bloody Cupping._—When it is desired to take blood from the body the skin is punctured or scarified by the scarificators, half a dozen incisions being made at a blow by as many lancets protruding from a box, when a spring it holds is touched; the glasses are then laid over these incisions, and the necessary amount of blood removed by their exhausting power. [Illustration: Fig. 108.—Junod’s vacuum boot for attracting the blood to the lower extremities.] _Junod’s Boot_ is a tin case, shaped like a boot (see fig. 108), but capacious enough to allow a limb when placed within it to swell freely. It is sometimes employed to draw blood and serum into the lower extremities during congestion of internal organs. When used, the leg is passed into the boot, and the mouth of the boot closed round the limb by a packing of india-rubber tied firmly round the boot and limb, and well smeared with simple ointment. The air is then exhausted from the inside of the boot by a small brass syringe, which screws into a hole in the leg of the boot, as depicted in the figure. The patient should wear the boot some two or three hours, while the vacuum is kept up by an occasional exhaustion of the syringe. Both limbs may be subjected to exhaustion, but the patient must remain in bed for twenty-four hours after the operation; this is generally necessary for other reasons, and he must wear a bandage for a few days when he gets about. =Leeches.=—Each leech should draw about 2 drachms of blood, and if the bite is well fomented, another drachm will escape from the wound afterwards. Before the leeches are applied, the skin should be well washed with soap and warm water, and carefully dried. The leeches should not be taken from their box, but the box inverted over the part, when they will quickly fasten themselves. If the leeches are applied in a dependent position, a soft napkin may be pinned round the box to support them as they grow heavy, and to enable them to suck as long as possible. They should be allowed to drop off; if pulled off they are apt to tear the wound, or leave part of their suckers in it, which causes much irritation afterwards.