The essentials of mysticism, and other essaysUnderhill, Evelyn
Religion
The essentials of mysticism, and other essays
Underhill, Evelyn
Mysticism
“La gloria di colui che tutto move
Per l’universo penetra, e resplende
In una parte più, e meno altrove,”
though Plotinus would have rejected the spatial implications of the last
line, for to him the One was present everywhere. The Divine nature is a
trinity; but not, as in Christian theology, of co-equal persons. Its
three descending degrees, or hypostases, are the unconditioned One or
the Good—a term which implies perfection but carries no ethical
implications—the Divine Mind, Spirit, or _Nous_, and the Soul or Life of
the World. Nothing is real which does not participate in one or other of
these principles. Though the first two hypostases are roughly parallel
to the Eternal Father and Logos-Christ of Christian Platonism, and some
have found in the Plotinian _Psyche_ a likeness to the immanent Holy
Spirit, this superficial resemblance must not be pressed. Fatherhood
cannot be ascribed to the One save in so far as it is the first cause of
life, for it transcends all our notions of personality. Its real
parallel in Christian theology is that conception of the
“Super-essential Godhead, beyond and above the Trinity of Persons,”
which Eckhart and a few other daring mystics took through Dionysius the
Areopagite from the Neoplatonists. The One is, in fact, the Absolute as
apprehended by a religious soul. Nor is the Plotinian _Nous_ a person,
in any sense in which orthodox Christianity has understood that term,
though it is called by Plotinus our Father and Companion. Further, the
triadic series does not involve a succession either in time, or order of
generation; but only in value. The worlds of spirit and of soul are
co-eternal with the Absolute, the inevitable and unceasing expressions
of its creative activity. The utterly transcendent Perfect manifests as
Mind or Spirit (_Nous_); and this _is_ the world of being. Mind or
Spirit manifests as Life or Soul (_Psyche_); and this _is_ the reality
of the world of becoming. The lower orders are contained in the higher,
which are everywhere present, though each “remains in its own place.”
“Of all things the governance and existence are in these three.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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