“Great love comes from great knowledge,” said Leonardo da Vinci, and the advance of science today in all its branches corroborates this assertion. Although at the present hour it does not seem clear just what the universe is doing, yet they who recognize even in seemingly disastrous tumults the struggles of man to enlarge his power to think, will see that even if nature’s way appears to be circuitous and even at times crude, it is nevertheless nature’s inevitable way. Much lamentation is heard today over the changes which evolution has brought to this planet, and the outcry is even raised that science has taken away our souls. Is it necessary to reply that a faith in stagnation is clearly out of joint with the creative functions of time, or that the loss of an ancient belief may be the sign of a truly ethical advance? Indeed, we can well be assured that the type of soul which is composed of self-stifled desires, of restless sentiments due to an ignoble retreat from reality, of the fear of ultimate annihilation, not only _will_ die, but it also _ought_ to die. There is another and a better kind of soul,—the one created out of sagacity, skill, and kindness, which generates power, wisdom, and peace,—and this type of soul, as long as the sun remains hot, and the earth’s crust keeps flowering into men, will have its immortality guaranteed. This is the mechanist’s religion,—a consequence of, rather than an apology for, his ethics. For religion, though it be a word made base by those who claim to have an endless copyright on truth, and a retroactive monopoly on the deeper human emotions, means to a mechanist something more closely allied to its original signification. It means a reliance on that much of nature, and a support from that much of humanity, as contributes to the development of a man’s talents, to the freedom of his actions, and to his peace of mind. The new labors of Hercules will consist in making this true for the whole human race. INDEX Abstract terms, 24 Action-pattern, 20 Adler, A., 171 Adrian, E. D., 27 Andreas Hofer, 132 All-or-none principle, 27-30, 109 Aristotle, 8, 15 Babbitt, Irving, 189 Bayliss, W. M. 27, n; 32-n. Buddhism, 139 Butler, Joseph, 157-8 Charcot, J. M., 33 Circular reflex, 89, 185 Clarke, Samuel, 158-9 Composition, fallacy of, 98 Conditioned reflex, 26, 54, 89 Couterat, L., 90 Cox, C. G., 8 Crile, G. W., 20 Davis, W. M., 8 Democritus, 12 Descartes, 36, 190 Dewey, I., 8, 16, 17, 21, 170-171 Diogenes, 121 Dynamogenesis, law of, 33 Emerson, 13, 72 Empedocles, 13, 59 Everett, W. G., 175 Golden Rule, 194 Harvey, William, 15 Helvetius, 164 Hobbes, 8, 157 Holt, E. B., 8, 16, 20, 31, 127, 170 Homer, 19 Hypostatization, fallacy of, 163 Initial predication, fallacy of, 6 James, W., 13, 51, 75 Jesus, 29, 72, 136 Language, functions of, 17-18 Law, “moral,” 68, 162 Legal rights, 84-94