The Ethics of Medical Homicide and MutilationO'Malley, Austin
Religion
The Ethics of Medical Homicide and Mutilation
O'Malley, Austin
Medical ethics
An objection to the opinion that the soul is in the embryo from
the beginning is made from a consideration of the facts that there
appears to be an aptitude for life in certain animal cells and
tissues after removal from the original host, or after the death
of the host; and, secondly, that in other separated tissues life
is undoubtedly made evident under proper conditions. Some parts of
the human body can be grafted upon another human body, and human
sarcomatous cells have been made to grow _in vitro_. Hair often
lengthens after the death of a person, if no embalming fluid has been
injected. Dr. Alexis Carrel[54] substituted a piece of a popliteal
artery, taken from an amputated human leg and kept in cold storage
for twenty-four days, for a part of the aorta of a small bitch,
and the dog lived for four years afterward and died in parturition.
Magitot of Paris, in 1911, took a piece of the cornea from an
extirpated human eye, and with it replaced a part of an opaque cornea
on another man, and this second man could see through the new cornea.
Surgeons now remove skin, bone, and other tissues from still-born
infants and accident cases, preserve these, for weeks if necessary,
in petrolate and Ringer's solution in cold storage, and then graft
them on patients to repair lesions in skin, bone, cartilage, or other
parts of the body.
[54] _Journal of the American Medical Association_, vol. lix, n.
7, p. 523.
If these separated tissues are alive, what is the origin and nature
of the life? Again, if there is a low form of life in these separated
tissues, remaining after the departure of the human soul, why could
not such a low form of life precede in the embryo the advent of the
human soul?
What is the nature of the "life" in the parasitic sarcomatous tissue
which has been seen to proliferate for a short time _in vitro_? We
do not know, nor is it relevant to the question. That there is life
of any kind in the cold-storage graft of bone and skin is certainly
not evident; rather every evidence points to the absence of all life.
When taken out of cold storage, and the ordinary forces which corrupt
a dead body are permitted to work, these grafts corrupt exactly as
any part of a corpse does. That there is life of any kind in these
grafts is a gratuitous assumption. In cold storage they are kept
ready for assimilation into the body as food may be kept. Bone and
skin grafting is merely a peculiar form of assimilation. Food taken
into the body through the stomach and entrails is prepared in the
body and assimilated into the substance of the bones or skin or other
tissues; the graft is ready for assimilation without this preparation
because it is already bone or skin.
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