And this issue embraces more than the fate of these United
States. It presents to the whole family of man the question of
whether a constitutional republic or democracy—a government
of the people by the same people—can or cannot maintain its
territorial integrity against its own domestic foes. It
presents the question whether discontented individuals, too few
in numbers to control administration according to organic law
in any case, can always, upon the pretenses made in this case,
or on any other pretenses, or arbitrarily without any pretense,
break up their government, and thus practically put an end to
free government upon the earth. It forces us to ask: “Is there,
in all republics, this inherent and fatal weakness?” “Must a
government, of necessity, be too strong for the liberties of
its own people, or too weak to maintain its own existence?”[96]
Then looking at the doctrine of secession as a question of the whole and
its parts, he went on to say:
This relative matter of national power and State rights, as a
principle, is no other than the principle of generality and
locality. Whatever concerns the whole should be confined to the
whole—to the General Government; while whatever concerns only
the State should be left exclusively to the State. This is all
there is of original principle about it. Whether the National
Constitution in defining boundaries between the two has applied
the principle with exact accuracy is not to be questioned. We
are all bound by that defining without question.[97]
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