A second argument of far less value lies in the names of two Skoloti of rank--Aria-_pithes_, and Sparga-_pithes_. They are evidently compounds, whilst the latter name occurs in Persian, and the element -_pith_- (_bed_) in Armenian. This is a complication, since it suggests another class of affinities. _Valeat quantum._ The gloss _oior_, the descent from Targitaus, the legends of Koloxais, and the Asiatic origin stand against it. Besides which, a little ingenuity will explain away the root -_pith_. It may have been a _title_, as it actually is in Armenian, and, if so, a word belonging to the language of Herodotus’s informant, rather than to the Skolotic. Or the same class of Turk intrusions which introduced it into Europe, may have done the same in Persia; and this is not unlikely. It was just as much a proper name amongst the Massagetæ as it was amongst the Skoloti. Turk invasion is the rule in Russia, and that of the Skoloti is the earliest on record. And it is in the very earliest records that it appears. The reasons for making it Turk have been considered; and it cannot have been Turk without having been comparatively recent. Consequently, there was a displacement of an earlier population, as is shown by the existence of an isolated population of Sauromatæ beyond the Donetz--in the country of the Don Kosaks. But what are the reasons for supposing the Skolotic area of Herodotus to have been originally either Ugrian or Lithuanic, or, if not either exclusively, divided between the two? In the first place there are Ugrians as far south as the governments of Astrakhan and Simbirsk at the present moment; and that _in situ_, so to say, or in the position of indigenous occupants of their present localities rather than that of a newly introduced population. In the next place, there is more than one geographical term in the Skythian geography of the early writers which seems to belong to the Ugrian class of tongues; from which we may infer that, even if the informants of Herodotus did not take their geographical terms from the Ugrians themselves, they took them from a population with which the Ugrian area was conterminous. 1. The name Rhox-_olani_, occurring in Strabo, has long been considered Ugrian. No other class of languages forms the plural in _-laine_; several of the Ugrians do so. 2. The term _Rhipæan_, as applied to the Rhipæan Mountains, is Ugrian. _Rhip=mountain_ in Ostiak. 3. The country of the _Neuri_ was bounded by a lake, at the head of the river Tyras. There are certain geographical difficulties here, which this is no time to investigate. A _swamp_ or _fen_ is a more likely explanation. With this meaning, the word is Ugrian; and, at the present moment, the town of _Narym_ in Siberia means, in Ostiak, the _Fens_.