The Ethnology of the British IslandsLatham, R. G. (Robert Gordon)
History
The Ethnology of the British Islands
Latham, R. G. (Robert Gordon)
Ethnology -- Great Britain
We are still dealing with the origin of the _name_. The Franks and
Romans diffused and generalized, the Kelts suggested, it. That the name
was Keltic is undenied and undeniable. The Welsh and Gaels know us to
the present moment as _Saxons_, and not as _Englishmen_. The only doubt
has been as to how far it was _exclusively_ Keltic--_i.e._,
non-Germanic.
Will the supposition of its being Keltic account for _all_ the facts
connected with it? No. It will not account for the Finlanders using it.
They, like the Kelts, call the Germans _Saxon_. This, then, is a fresh
condition to be satisfied. The hypothesis which does this is, that the
name _Saxo_ was applied by the Slavonians of the Baltic as well as by
Kelts of the coasts of Gaul and Britain to the pirates of the neck of
the Chersonese,--the Slavonic designation being adopted by the
Finlanders just as the Keltic was by the Romans.
And this supplies an argument in favour of the name having been native,
since a little consideration will shew that, when two different nations
speak of a third by the same name, the _primâ facie_ evidence is in
favour of the population to whom it is applied by their neighbours
applying it to themselves also.
Yet this is no proof of its being German: nor yet of the men of
Wes-_sex_, &c., being Nordalbingian. All that we get from the British
counties ending in -_sex_ is, that in certain parts of the island, the
British name for certain German pirates prevailed over the native,
whereas, in others, the native prevailed over the British.
If this be but a trifling conclusion in respect to its positive results,
it is one of some negative value; inasmuch, as when we have shewn that
_Angle_ and _Saxon_ are, to a great extent, the same names in different
languages, we have rid ourselves of the imaginary necessity of
investigating such imaginary differences as the difference of name, at
the first view, suggests. We have also ascertained the historical import
of the spread of the names _Saxon_ and _Saxony_. They spread, not
because certain Saxons originating in a district no bigger than the
county of Rutland, bodily took possession of vast tracts of country in
Germany, Britain, and Gaul, but because a great number of Germans were
called by the name of a small tribe, just as the Hellenes of Thessaly,
Attica, and Peloponnesus were called by the Romans, _Greeks_. The true
_Græci_ were a tribe of dimensions nearly as small in respect to the
Hellenes at large as the Saxons of Ptolemy were to the Germans in
general (perhaps, indeed, they were not Hellenic at all); yet it was the
_Græci_ whom the Romans identified with the Hellenes. No one, however,
believes that the Græci extended themselves to the extent of the term
_Græcia_. On the contrary, every one admits that it was only the import
of the name which became enlarged. And this I believe to have been the
case with the word _Saxon_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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