The numerous details respecting the Scandinavians in Britain are to be found in Mr. Worsaae's "Danes and Northmen;" and, besides this, the proof of the distinction just drawn between the Danes of South Britain and the Norwegians of Scotland, the Hebrides and Ireland. It lies in the phenomena connected with the form -_by_. _a._ Common as they are in Denmark and Sweden, they are almost wholly wanting in Norway. _b._ Common as are other Scandinavian elements, the forms in -_by_ are almost wholly wanting in Scotland and Ireland. Hence--_Northman_ or _Scandinavian_ means a _Dane_ in South Britain, a _Norwegian_ in Scotland and Ireland, and a Dane _or_ Norwegian, as the particular case may be, in the Isle of Man, Northumberland, and Durham. This is well shewn, and that for the first time, in the valuable work referred to. Can this analysis be carried further? Probably it can. Over and above the consideration of the Frisians of Friesland,[32] there is that of the North-Frisians.[33] Some of these may easily have formed part of the Scandinavian invasion. The nearest approach to absolute evidence on this point is to be found in the East Riding of Yorkshire; where in Holdernesse we have the Frisian forms News-_om_, Holl-_ym_, Arr-_am_, and the compound Fris-_marsh_. The Leicestershire Fris-_by_ is more evidently _North_-Frisian. Again, a writer who, like the present, believes that, until a comparatively recent period, South Jutland, the Danish Isles, and the South of Sweden, _at least_, were Sarmatian, is justified in asking whether members of this stock also may not have helped to swell the Scandinavian host. The presumption is in favour of their having done so; the _a posteriori_ evidence scanty. Two personages of our popular mythology, however, seem Slavonic--Old _Bogy_ and Old _Scratch_. _Bog_ in Slavonic is _God_, or _Dæmon_; so that Czerne-_bog_=_Black God_, and Biele-_bog_=_White God_; whereas no Gothic interpretation is equally probable. Old _Scratch_ is the _Hairy one_, or _Pilosus_, as his name is rendered in the glosses. In Bohemian we have the forms _scret_, _screti_, _scretti_, _skr'et_, _s'kr'jtek_=_demon_, _household god_; in Polish, _skrzot_ and _skrzitek_; in Slovenian, _shkrátie_, _shkrátely_. On the other hand, in the Old High German, the Icelandic, and some of the Low German dialects, the word occurs as it does in English. Still the combination of sounds is so Slavonic, and the name is spread over so great a portion of the Slavonic area, that I look upon it as essentially and originally belonging to that family. The ethnological analysis of the Scandinavians is one question; the date of their first invasion, another. The statements of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle opened the present chapter. Is there reason to criticize them? For the fact of Danes having wintered in England A.D. 787 they are unexceptionable. For the fact of their having never done so before, they only supply the unsatisfactory assertion of a negative.