The Evidence in the Case: A Discussion of the Moral Responsibility for the War of 1914, as Disclosed by the Diplomatic Records of England, Germany, RussiaBeck, James M. (James Montgomery)
Philosophy
The Evidence in the Case: A Discussion of the Moral Responsibility for the War of 1914, as Disclosed by the Diplomatic Records of England, Germany, Russia
Beck, James M. (James Montgomery)
World War, 1914-1918 -- Causes
The French Consul General at Budapest, in a report to his Foreign
Office under date July 11, 1914, after showing that the Hungarian
Premier, Count Tisza, had refused to disclose, even to the Hungarian
Chamber, the results of the judicial inquiry into the Serajevo murder
and the decision taken by the Austrian Cabinet, proceeds to show how
the suppression of the news in Austria was a part of the scheme to
make the ultimatum to Servia so abrupt and speedy that no course would
be open to Servia and Europe other than an immediate and unconditional
surrender.
Everything is for peace in the newspapers, but the mass of
the public believes in war and fears it.... The Government,
whether it be seriously desirous of peace, or whether it be
_preparing a coup_, is now doing everything it can to allay
this anxiety. That is why the tone of the Government
newspapers has been lowered first, by one note and then by
two, until now it has become almost optimistic. But the
Government newspapers themselves have carefully spread the
alarm. Their optimism to order is really without an echo.
The nervousness of the Bourse, a barometer one cannot
neglect, is a sure proof of that. Stocks, without exception,
have fallen to improbably low prices. The Hungarian four per
cent. was yesterday quoted at 79.95, a price which has never
been quoted since the first issue.[38]
[Footnote 38: French _Yellow Book_, No. 11.]
Simultaneously a very different note was sounded by the organ of the
military party in Vienna. The _Militärische Rundschau_, a few days
before the ultimatum to Servia, said:
"The moment is still favorable for us. If we do not decide
upon war, the war we shall have to make in two or three
years at the latest will be begun in circumstances much less
propitious; now the initiative belongs to us. Russia is not
ready, the moral factors are for us, might as well as right.
_Since some day we shall have to accept the struggle, let us
provoke it at once._"[39]
[Footnote 39: _Ibid._, No. 12.]
Before the Austrian ultimatum was issued there had been some
preliminary informal negotiations between Austria and Servia and the
latter had expressed its willingness to give to Austria the most ample
reparation "provided that she did not demand judiciary coöperation,"
and the Servian Minister at Berlin warned "the German Government that
it would be dangerous to endeavor by this inquiry (_i.e._, by the
participation of Austrian officials in the courts of Servia) to damage
the prestige of Servia."[40]
[Footnote 40: French _Yellow Book_, No. 15.]
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