The Evidence in the Case: A Discussion of the Moral Responsibility for the War of 1914, as Disclosed by the Diplomatic Records of England, Germany, RussiaBeck, James M. (James Montgomery)
Philosophy
The Evidence in the Case: A Discussion of the Moral Responsibility for the War of 1914, as Disclosed by the Diplomatic Records of England, Germany, Russia
Beck, James M. (James Montgomery)
World War, 1914-1918 -- Causes
Thus in Berlin and Vienna by concerted action the representatives of
England, France, and Russia were evaded until the time limit for
Servia had expired.
Contrast with this petty finesse the spirit with which Sazonof
attempted to reach an agreement with the Austrian Ambassador at St.
Petersburg on July 26th, as set forth in the report of the French
Ambassador at St. Petersburg, under that date. He says:
The Minister for Foreign Affairs continues with praiseworthy
perseverance to seek means to bring about a peaceful
solution. "I shall show myself ready to negotiate up to the
last instant," he said to me.
It is in this spirit that he has asked Count Szápáry[50] to
come and see him for a "frank and loyal explanation." In his
presence M. Sazonof discussed the Austro-Hungarian
ultimatum, article by article, showing clearly the insulting
character of the different clauses. "The intention which
inspired this document," he said, "is legitimate if you
pursue no other aim but the protection of your territory
against the agitation of Servian anarchists, but the step to
which you have had recourse is not defensible." He
concluded, "Take back your ultimatum, modify its form, _and
I will guarantee the result_."[51]
[Footnote 50: The Austrian Ambassador.]
[Footnote 51: French _Yellow Book_, No. 54.]
Upon one phase of Germany's foreign policy in this crisis the French
_Yellow Book_ naturally throws more light than the other publications.
I refer to the attempt of Germany to coerce France into a position of
neutrality, or possibly to secure from it some definition of its
attitude, which would compromise its relations with Russia. The
_Yellow Book_ charges that the German Ambassador, under the pretext
of securing an authorized statement to the press to allay public
excitement, thus attempted to compromise France. The documents go far
to suggest this possibility but are not wholly convincing.
The German Ambassador on July the 24th, the very day that the
ultimatum reached the chancelleries of Europe, and on the day when von
Jagow untruthfully claimed that it had first reached Berlin, called
upon the French Minister for Foreign Affairs and read to him a formal
note, _of which he was unwilling to leave a copy_, although he
characterized it as a note of importance.
It may be here noted that on more than one occasion in this diplomatic
crisis the German representatives were unwilling to leave a copy of
the diplomatic messages which they orally communicated.
In his memorandum the French Minister for Foreign Affairs says:
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