In the same way, in southern and eastern Australia there are beaches a few feet above present level, containing warmth-loving species of mollusca and indicating a post-glacial warm period. There is some evidence in the distribution of plants and marine mollusca that this warm period extended to New Zealand. Raised beaches at a height of 50 to 180 feet are also known from many places in Antarctica, and these contain mollusca, some of which are not now living south of the sub-antarctic islands. An interesting confirmation of this has been given by E. Philippi, from the results of an examination of the sea-floor at four points in about 63° S., 75-95° E., all within the present limit of pack-ice. The deposit at present forming is poor in pelagic foraminifera, and consequently contains little lime, but this deposit is very thin, and beneath it is a much more calcareous clay especially rich in _Globigerina_. The latter deposit is still forming north of the limit of pack-ice, and Philippi concludes that at no very distant date the limits of ice were further south, indicating warmer conditions. It is interesting to note that a similar sequence has been found in the Norwegian North Sea, the brown foraminiferous deposit (in this case containing _Biloculina_) being known to be underlain as well as overlain by an unfossiliferous grey clay attributed to the Glacial period. Finally, with regard to Cape Colony, A. W. Rodgers says: “It is possible that the presence of marine mollusca belonging to species that are only known in the living state from the coast north of Pondoland, in the raised beaches of Mossel and Algoa Bays, indicates that the sea on the south coast was formerly warmer than now.” Thus we have evidence of a period of submergence and climates warmer than the present from a large number of places, including the Arctic Ocean and Greenland, the temperate coasts of North America and Europe, the Southern Ocean and Antarctica. The stage appears to be missing on the temperate coasts of the Pacific, on both the Asiatic and North American sides, and from the whole of the Tropics. It is fairly certain that the warm period occurred at the same time in eastern North America and western Europe; in the case of the southern hemisphere we have no direct proof of this, but in all cases the deposits are comparatively recent, and since they obviously refer to a similar state of affairs we may assume that they are of the same date.