[33] Cf. as proof, the story related by Kussmaul (_op. cit._, VII.): A young deaf-mute was arrested by the police of Prague as a vagabond. He was placed in an institution and questioned by suitable methods, when he made known that his father had a mill with a house and surroundings which he described exactly; that his mother and sister were dead, and his father had re-married; that his step-mother had ill-treated him, and that he had planned an escape which had succeeded. He indicated the direction of the mill to the east of Prague. Inquiries were made, and all these statements were verified. [34] Romanes, _Mental Evolution_, etc., p. 150. [35] W. James, _Psychology_, I., 266, for the second observation; _Philosophical Review_, I., No. 6, p. 613 et seq. for the first. [36] _Sign-Language Among the North American Indians_, 1881. Published in Report of the Bureau of Ethnology at Washington. Cf. also: Tylor, _op. cit._; Romanes, _op. cit._, VI.; Lubbock, _Origin of Civilisation_, Chapter VI.; Kleinpaul, _Zeitschrift für Völkerpsych._, VI., 353. [37] Lubbock. _The Origin of Civilisation and the Primitive Condition of Man_, p. 417. [38] Gérando, _op. cit._, II., note K, p. 203. Among the gestures that are identical under their double form may be noted stone, water, large, tall, to see, finished, man, house, good, pretty, now, etc. [39] _Philosophy of the Human Mind_, Ch. I., sect. 2. [40] Kleinpaul, _loc. cit._ [41] Writing, ideography, originated in an analytical process analogous with the language of gestures. Like the latter, it (1) isolates terms, (2) arranges them in a certain order, (3) translates thought in a crude and somewhat vague form. Curious examples of this may be found in Max Müller’s _Chips from a German Workshop_, XIV. The aborigines of the Caroline Islands sent a letter to a Spanish captain, as follows: Above, a man with extended arms, sign of greeting. Below, to the left, the objects he has to offer; five big shells, seven little ones, three others of different forms. To the right and centre, drawing of the objects wanted in exchange: three large fish hooks, four small ones, two axes, and two pieces of iron. [42] _Ants, Bees, and Wasps_, VII.—Romanes, _Animal Intelligence_, IV. [43] _Animal Intelligence_, XVI., p. 445. [44] The most interesting of the many observations on this subject are those of Dr. Wilks, F. R. S., published in the _Journal of Mental Science_, July, 1879. [45] _Mental Evolution in Man_, p. 137. [46] _Der Ursprung der Sprache_ (1877). Fr. Müller maintained a similar view. [47] A. Lefèvre, _Les races et les langues_ (_Bibliothèque scientifique internationale_), pp. 5-6. [48] _Loc. cit._, 372. [49] Heinicke, _Beobachtungen über Stumme_, 75, 137. [50] Romanes, _Mental Evolution in Man_, pp. 377-379. [51] For documents, consult especially Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, V; Sayce _Principles of Comparative Philology_, I., § 17. [52] This list may be found in _The Science of Thought_, p. 406.