[114] Van Ende cites a large number of facts in point, but they are not all equally convincing. _Histoire naturelle de la croyance_, pp. 208-212. [115] Romanes, _Animal Intelligence_, p. 314. It should be remarked that the author only reports the fact from another witness—that the narrator said it had occurred “thirty years before,” and “that he did not pretend to remember under what precise circumstances the habit of coming into the street was acquired.” [116] According to Delambre, the Chaldæans could only discover the cycle which the Greek mathematicians called _saros_ by studying their commemorative notes; i. e., from a considerable mass of observations, they _extracted_ or _abstracted_ a constant recurrence. [117] For details see, in addition to Nichols’s article as previously cited, Sully, _The Human Mind_, II., Appendix E, and James, _Psychology_, I., pp. 632 et seq. [118] Fouillée, _Psychologie des Idées-forces_, II., 81-204. [119] Mach, _Analysis of the Sensations_, English translation (Chicago, 1897), pp. 111-112. [120] Ward, article “Psychology,” in the _Encyclopædia Britannica_, Vol. XX., pp., 65 et seq.—On the metaphysics of time considered as pure heterogeneity, see the recent work of Bergson, _Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience_, pp. 76 et seq. [121] Lewes, _Problems of Life and Mind_, II. p. 375. [122] For the discussion of this point, see Renouvier, _Logique_, II. 324. [123] Romanes gives some examples of what he terms appreciation of causality in animals, including that of a setter that was frightened at thunder. “On one occasion a number of apples were being shot out of bags upon the wooden floor of an apple room, the sound in the house as each bag was shot closely resembled that of distant thunder. The setter therefore became terribly alarmed; but when I took him to the apple-room and showed him the real cause of the noise, his dread entirely forsook him, and on again returning to the house he listened to the rumbling with all cheerfulness.” Other analogous cases are to be found in his _Mental Evolution in Animals_, Chap. X. [124] For the study of Chance, see Cournot, _op. cit._, I., Chap. iii. [Also J. Venn “The Logic of Chance,” etc.—_Tr._]