Anatomy, Comparative; Embryology, Human; Evolution; Human beings -- Origin
The structure of the chorda also shows the same features in these
cœlomula-embryos of the amphibia (Fig. 91) as in the amphioxus (Figs.
79–82). It arises from the entodermic cell-streak, which forms the
middle dorsal-line of the primitive gut, and occupies the space between
the flat cœlom-pouches (Fig. 91 _A_).
While the nervous centre is formed here in the middle line of the back
and separated from the ectoderm as “medullary tube,” there takes place
at the same time, directly underneath, the severance of the chorda from
the entoderm (Fig. 91 _A, B, C_). Under the chorda is formed (out of
the ventral entodermic half of the gastrula) the permanent gut or
visceral cavity (_enteron_) (Fig. 91 _B, dh_). This is done by the
coalescence, under the chorda in the median line, of the two dorsal
side-borders of the gut-gland-layer (_ik_), which were previously
separated by the chorda-plate (Fig. 91 _A, ch_); these now alone form
the clothing of the visceral cavity (_dh_) (enteroderm, Fig. 91 _C_).
All these important modifications take place at first in the fore or
head-part of the embryo, and spread backwards from there; here at the
hinder end, the region of the primitive mouth, the important border of
the mouth (or _properistoma_) remains for a long time the source of
development or the zone of fresh construction, in the further
building-up of the organism. One has only to compare carefully the
illustrations given (Figs. 85–91) to see that, as a fact, the
cenogenetic cœlomation of the amphibia can be deduced directly from the
palingenetic form of the acrania (Figs. 79–84).
Fig.93. Transverse section of the vertebrate-embryo of a bird (from a
hen’s egg on the second day of incubation). Fig. 93—Transverse section
of the vertebrate-embryo of a bird (from a hen’s egg on the second day
of incubation). (From _Kölliker._) _h_ horn-plate, _mr_ medullary tube,
_ch_ chorda, _uw_ primitive segments, _ uwh_ primitive-segment cavity
(median relic of the cœlom), _sp_ lateral cœlom-cleft, _hpl_
skin-fibre-layer, _df_ gut-fibre-layer, _ung_ primitive-kidney passage,
_ ao_ primitive aorta, _dd_ gut-gland-layer.
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