[361] Pritchard, _Polynesian Reminiscences_, etc., p. 270. [362] Th. West, _Ten Years in South Central Polynesia_, p. 270. [363] Bougainville, _Voyages_, p. 244. [364] Pritchard, _loc. cit._, p. 372. [365] Cook (Third Voyage), _Hist. Univ. des Voy._, t. ix. p. 70. [366] Dumont d’Urville. [367] A. d’Orbigny, _L’homme Américain_, t. I^{er.} p. 403. [368] _Voyage à la Terre-ferme_, etc., t. I^{er.} p. 304. [369] A. d’Orbigny, _loc. cit._, t. ii. p. 89. [370] H. Spencer, _Sociology_, vol. ii. p. 282. [371] A. d’Orbigny, _loc. cit._, t. ii. p. 308. [372] J. Owen Dorsey, _Omaha Sociology_, p. 260 (_Smithsonian Institution_, 1885). [373] L. Morgan, _Ancient Societies_, p. 432. [374] Bancroft, _loc. cit._, vol. i. p. 277. [375] J. Owen Dorsey, _loc. cit._, p. 260. [376] Bancroft, _loc. cit._, vol. i. p. 388. [377] Wake, _Evolution of Morality_, vol. i. p. 255. [378] H. Spencer, _Sociology_, vol. i. p. 283. [379] _Id., ibid._ vol. ii. p. 285. [380] Domenech, _Voy. pitt._, p. 509.--Bancroft, vol. i. pp. 168-195. [381] Bancroft, _loc. cit._, p. 511. [382] Domenech, _loc. cit._, p. 511. [383] Bancroft, _loc. cit._, vol. i. p. 277. [384] _Ibid._ vol. i. p. 511. [385] _Ibid._ vol. i. p. 511. [386] Dalton, _Descriptive Ethno. of Bengal_, pp. 12, 16, 19. [387] _Ibid._ p. 8. [388] _Voy. au Bootan_, by a Hindoo author, in _Revue Britannique_, 1827. [389] Wake, _loc. cit._, vol. i. p. 269. [390] H. Spencer, _Sociology_, vol. ii. p. 280. [391] _Id., ibid._ vol. ii. p. 292. [392] _De bello Gallico_, vi. 19. [393] _Germania_, xviii. CHAPTER IX. POLYGAMY OF CIVILISED PEOPLE. I. _The Stage of Polygamy._--Primitive polygamy--Man resigns himself to monogamy. II. _Arab Polygamy._--Why the Mussulmans have remained polygamous--The inferiority of woman proclaimed by the Koran--Polygamic restrictions in the Koran--Religion sanctions the right of conjugal property--The purchased woman--The conjugal prerogatives of the prophet--Duties of the polygamous husband--Celestial polygamy--The Mussulman marriage is laic--Female merchandise--The preliminaries of marriage--Duties and obligations of the Mussulman husband; his rights--Marriage in Kabyle--Cruel subjection of the Kabyle wife--Sale and purchase of the wife--Excessive rights of the Kabyle husband--The Kabyle marriage is inferior to the Arab marriage--Polygamy and the subjection of women. III. _Polygamy in Egypt, Mexico, and Peru._--Monogamy of the priests in Egypt--Polygamy of the Incas and of the nobles in Peru--Polygamy of the nobles in Mexico--Polygamy with monogamic tendency. IV. _Polygamy in Persia and India._--Polygamy and concubinage of princes in Persia--Severity of sexual morality in the Avesta--Polygamy according to the Rig-Veda--Polygamy in the Code of Manu--Evolution of polygamy in India--How monogamy became established. I. _The Stage of Polygamy._