[452] Bancroft, _loc. cit._, vol. ii. p. 676. [453] _Hist. Univ. des Voy._, t. xxxi. p. 133. [454] _Ibid._ t. xxxiv. p. 334. [455] G. Bousquet, _Le Japon de nos jours_ (1877), t. I^{er.} p. 246. [456] G. Bousquet, _loc. cit._, t. I^{er.} p. 87. [457] Schliemann, _La Chine et le Japon_. [458] G. Bousquet, _Le Théâtre au Japon_ (_Revue des Deux Mondes_, 1874). [459] Lecky, _History of European Morals_, vol. i. p. 103. [460] Mrs. Spier, _Life in Ancient India_, p. 28. [461] _Lettres édifiantes_, t. xii. p. 412. [462] _Ibid._ p. 417. [463] _Hist. Univ. des Voy._, t. xxxi. p. 351. [464] Desmaze, _Curiosités des anciennes justices_, etc., p. 289. [465] _Iliad_, i. [466] _Ibid._ ii. [467] _Ibid._ ix. [468] _Odyssey_, xx. xxii. [469] Houzeau, _Études sur les facultés mentales des animaux_, t. ii. p. 381. [470] _Les Abyssiniennes_, p. 13. [471] Clapperton, _Second Voy._, vol. ii. p. 86. [472] Le Jean, _Théodore_, ii. [473] Dupré, _Trois Mois à Madagascar_, p. 153. [474] Bancroft, _Native Races_, vol. ii. p. 671. [475] _Id., ibid._ vol. ii. p. 664. [476] _Id., ibid._ vol. ii. p. 164. [477] Huc, _Voyage en Tartarie_, etc., t. I^{er.} p. 301.--Préjévalsky, t. I^{er.} p. 69; t. ii. p. 121. [478] Timkowski, _Hist. Univ. des Voy._, t. xxxiii. p. 311. [479] Sinibaldo de Mas, _La Chine et les puissances Chrétiennes_, t. I^{er.} p. 51. [480] Huc, _L’Empire Chinois_, t. ii. p. 255. [481] Pauthier, _Chine moderne_, p. 238. [482] Milne, _Real Life in China_, p. 161. [483] Huc, _L’Empire Chinois_, t. ii. p. 258. [484] Milne, _Real Life in China_, p 161. [485] Burckhardt, _Hist. Univ. des Voy._, t. xxxi. p. 148. [486] Burckhardt, _Hist. Univ. des Voy._, t. xxxii. p. 148. [487] Sonnerat, _Hist. Univ. des Voy_., t. xxxi. p. 349.--_Ibid._, Laplace, t. xviii. p. 433. [488] Lecky, _Hist. of European Morals_, vol. ii. p. 280. [489] Domenget, _Institutes de Gaius_, sec. 63. [490] R. Cubain, _Lois civiles de Rome_, pp. 188, 189. [491] Domenget, _loc. cit._ sec. 63. [492] R. Cubain, _loc. cit._ p. 188. [493] Domenget, _Institutes de Gaius_, sec. 58. [494] Lea, _History of Sacerdotal Celibacy_ (Philadelphia, 1867), p. 296. [495] _Id., ibid._ pp. 274, 292, 422. [496] _Id., ibid._ p. 324. [497] M. Block, _Europe Politique et Sociale_, pp. 204, 205. [498] Hanoteau et Letourneux, _La Kabylie_, t. ii. p. 148. CHAPTER XI. PRIMITIVE MONOGAMY. I. _The Monogamy of Inferior Races._--The causes of monogamy--The gynecocratic theory of Bachofen--Inferior monogamic races--Races which are polygamic, although superior--Co-existence of monogamy and polygamy. II. _Monogamy in the Ancient States of Central America._--Monogamy of the common people in Mexico and Peru--Civil marriage in Peru. III. _Monogamy in Ancient Egypt._--Gynecocracy in Egypt--Its _raison d’être_. IV. _Monogamy of the Touaregs and Abyssinians._--Gynecocracy among the Touaregs--Fragility of Marriage in Abyssinia.