[884] Fison and Howitt, quoted by Giraud-Teulon, fils, in _Origines du Mariage et de la Famille_, pp. 86-88. [885] Fison and Howitt, _loc. cit._, p. 200. [886] _Id._, _ibid._ [887] Giraud-Teulon, _loc. cit._, p. 447. [888] Giraud-Teulon, fils, _loc. cit._, p. 446. [889] _Hist. et descrip. générale de la Nouvelle-France_, etc. [890] _Ibid._ t. v. p. 393. [891] L. Morgan, _Ancient Societies_, p. 70.--Lahontan, _Voy._, etc., t. ii. pp. 104, 183. [892] L. Morgan, _Ancient Societies_, pp. 528-531. [893] _Id._, _ibid._ pp. 70, 71. [894] _Id._, _ibid._ p. 97. [895] L. Morgan, _loc. cit._ p. 513. [896] _Notes on the Tinneh_, Hardisty, in _Smithsonian Reports_, 1866. [897] _Omaha Sociology_, p. 255, in _Smithsonian Reports_, 1885. [898] L. Morgan, _Ancient Societies_, p. 178. [899] _Id._, _ibid._ p. 535. [900] Bancroft, _Native Races_, etc., vol. ii. p. 665. [901] _Id._, _ibid._ vol. ii. p. 665. [902] _Id._, _ibid._ vol. ii. pp. 251, 666. [903] _Voyages_, etc., t. ii. p. 154. [904] A. Giraud-Teulon, fils, _Orig. du Mariage_, etc., p. 191. [905] _Id._, _ibid._ p. 186. [906] _Id._, _ibid._ p. 177. [907] A. Giraud-Teulon, _Orig. du Mariage_, p. 185. [908] Charlevoix, _Hist. de la Nouvelle France_, t. v. p. 395. [909] Lafitau, _Mœurs des Sauvages Américains_, t. I^{er.} p. 69, etc. [910] _Id._, _ibid._ t. ii. pp. 252, 268. [911] L. Morgan, _Ancient Societies_, p. 454. [912] J. Owen Dorsey, _Omaha Sociology_, p. 261, in _Smithsonian Reports_, 1885. [913] L. Morgan, _Ancient Societies_, p. 455. [914] J. W. Powell, _Wyandot Government_, in _Smithsonian Reports_, 1881. [915] Charlevoix, _loc. cit._, t. vi. pp. 177-179. [916] L. Morgan,_ Ancient Societies_, p. 169. [917] Charlevoix, t. v. pp. 397-421. [918] _Id._, _ibid._, t. vi. p. 172. [919] Lubbock, _Orig. Civil._, p. 152. [920] Doménech, _Voy. pitt. dans les déserts du Nouveau Monde_, p. 508. [921] _Ibid._ p. 543. [922] Doménech, _loc. cit._, pp. 338, 425, 467. [923] Charlevoix, _Journal_, etc., t. vi. p. 39. [924] _Id._, _ibid._, t. v. p. 271. [925] _Id._, _ibid._, t. vi. p. 44. [926] _Mœurs des Sauvages_, ii. 266; iii. 56, 69, 70, 72, 76, 92, 97, 98, 120. [927] _Ibid._, t. ii. pp. 274, 275. CHAPTER XVII. THE FAMILIAL CLAN AND ITS EVOLUTION. I. _The Clan among the Redskins._--Primitive form of the Tribe--The Clan. II. _The Family among the Redskins._--Classes of relations among the Omahas--The family among the Iroquois-Senecas, the Omahas, etc.--Primitive familial stage of the Redskins--Adoption and its miracles--Rise and evolution of masculine filiation in America--Exogamy and endogamy. III. _The Family in Polynesia._--Maternal filiation--Rarity of exogamy--Hawaian marriage--The terms of kinship--The father humbling himself to the male child--Adoption in Polynesia. IV. _The Family among the Mongols_.--Familial exogamy among the Mongols--Kinship by classes--Evolution of kinship by classes.