The Evolution of Modern OrchestrationCoerne, Louis Adolphe
History
The Evolution of Modern Orchestration
Coerne, Louis Adolphe
Instrumentation and orchestration
[Footnote 72: Since the above lines were written, a sixth period
was assuredly entered upon with the opera "Salome," first performed
at Dresden in the fall of 1905 under the magnetic baton of Schuch,
director of the Royal Opera. The work, which has since been given
throughout Europe and in New York, has universally created a
sensation to which nothing in the annals of the musical stage
furnishes a parallel unless it be the initial performances of
"Tristan und Isolde" in Munich in 1865. "Salome," by reason of its
overwhelming dramatic force, the sureness of Strauss' marvellous use
of representative themes, together with an orchestral color-scheme
beyond anything he has used before, not only marks an epoch in
the career of this still young composer and an epoch also in his
orchestration, but becomes a landmark in the form of opera as evolved
from and built upon the Tetralogy of Wagner.]
In the "Symphonia Domestica" we recognize the personal element
that asserted itself, though in an unobtrusive manner, in "Ein
Heldenleben." Humorous inclinations, characteristic of "Don Quixote,"
are also in evidence.
The Introduction is an exposition of the three principal themes. The
theme for the father is comprised of three contrasted sections (No.
34, a, b, c). The mother is characterized by a lively and perhaps
slightly undignified theme (No. 35). For the child's theme (No. 36)
Strauss makes use of an oboe d'amore. The tone of this practically
obsolete member of the wood-wind is veiled and tender, and the
instrument found favor with Bach who assigned to it an important
rôle in his mass in B minor,--in fact two oboi d'amore are employed
for accompanying the bass solo "Et in Spiritum Sanctum."
[Music: No. 34, a.]
[Music: No. 34, b.]
[Music: No. 34, c.]
[Music: No. 35.]
[Music: No. 36.]
The following sportive Scherzo or first main division proper presents
a sprightly development of the three primary themes and especially
of the child's theme. The movement is finally brought to a restful
ending.
The succeeding Adagio enlarges upon the father's theme and pictures
him alone as if in a revery. The music is reflective and dreamy, at
times restless and impassioned as well.
The Finale embodies a lively double-fugue (No. 37, a and b), of which
the principal theme consists of a diminution of the child's theme
(No. 36). The close of the work is calm and peaceful.
[Music: No. 37, a.]
[Music: No. 37, b.]
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